Chlorpyrifos Removal for Wastewater Reuse

Approximately 1.2 billion people around the world live in areas of physical water scarcity. This could increase to half of the world’s population by 2030 and could displace 24 to 700 million people unless steps are taken to ensure adequate water supply.1 Water scarcity is an escalating issue within the United States, specifically in Western inland states with arid climates. This scarcity is encouraging communities to investigate tertiary level municipal wastewater treatment, allowing for reuse of wastewater. Unfortunately, wastewater contains numerous contaminants that are not regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Many of these contaminants are endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). According to the European Union Commission, an endocrine disruptor is “an exogenous substance that causes adverse health effects in an intact organism, or its progeny, in consequence to the induced changes in endocrine functions.”2 Many EDCs are not completely removed by standard secondary wastewater treatment methods. With the growing demand for potable water, as well as water for irrigation and agricultural purposes, communities are having to evaluate the potential health risks due to EDCs and other unregulated compounds. The Woo-Pig-Sewage team selected one unregulated contaminant, chlorpyrifos(CLP), to test. CLP is an organophosphate insecticide that is commonly used residentially and commercially. CLP has a long term impact asa cholinesterase inhibitor in humans.3 Using traditional biological methods, CLP, as well as other pesticides, are nearly impossible to remove.4 CLP is on the Fourth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule list produced by the EPA to provide a basis for future regulation.5 A bench scale unit utilizing ozone treatment (O3), ultraviolet radiation (UV), and granular activated carbon (GAC) was constructed to remove this contaminant from dopednanopure water. Ultimately, the selected technologies will be able to treat secondary wastewater effluent from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Tucumcari, New Mexico for direct or indirect aquifer reintroduction. Direct aquifer reintroduction would involveinjection of water to the existing aquifer, whileindirect aquifer introduction would consist of introducing treated effluent to an existing canal system. An oxidation process paired with UV and GAC filtration can be utilized to remove EDCs such as CLP and other unregulated contaminants from wastewater. O3is extremely effective at oxidizing bacteria as well as other organic molecules. UV is also a commonly used method to degrade organic compounds and is currently being used at the WWTP in Tucumcari, New Mexico and in Fayetteville, Arkansas. GAC is utilized to remove trace amounts of contaminants from wastewater streams, usually as a final treatment before the water is reintroduced to the environment. The WWTP in Rio Rancho, New Mexicocurrently plans to utilize GAC filtration in this manner. The Woo-Pig-Sewage team performed experiments to determine if the combination of O3, UV, and GAC could reduce CLP to a concentration below the minimum detection limit of 0.001ppm. To test the effectiveness of the bench scale, caffeine was used as an organic tracer. Bench scale results indicate that the proposed system is effective in the removal of caffeine and CLP from doped water samples. Caffeine concentrations were reduced to below the minimum detection limit of 0.05 ppm for samples with initial concentrations ranging from 0.1 ppm to 10 ppm. CLP was reduced to below the minimum detection limit of 0.001ppm from and initial concentration of 0.1 ppm. An industrial scale process was sized based on treating secondary effluent from the WWTP in Tucumcari, NM. The total cost was determined to be an additional $2.31 per 1000 gallons, assuming 0$4.95 per 1000 gallons for the existing treatment paired with the proposed system. While this adds a significant cost to the existing treatment at the WWTP in Tucumcari, plants with larger flow rates would see significantly less of an increase in the total cost per 1000 gallons. This can be seen from the comparison of the 144,000gallonper day (gpd) system with existing UV treatment and the 300,000gpdTucumcari system also utilizing UV treatment. The 144,000gpdsystem was estimated to cost about 60% more per 1000 gallons. However, if the Tucumcari WWTP is awarded a grant to cover 100% of the Fixed Capital Investment (FCI), the proposed system would only increase the cost per 1000 gallons by 38%. If the EPA determines that EDCs such as CLP must be removed from the effluent of WWTPs, a process such as the one proposed by the Woo-Pig-Sewage team will be necessary

Improving the Chile Industry of New Mexico Through Industry, Agriculture Experiment Station, and Cooperative Extension Service Collaboration: A Case Study

Chile growers and the Agricultural Research and Cooperative Extension Services at New Mexico State University have a long history of collaboration to sustain the chile industry. This case study identifies and documents the methodology of creating collaboration among the Agriculture Experimental Station, Cooperative Extension, and growers to solving local, regional, and global challenges in a specialty crop. A new paradigm has been created with the formation of a research-team approach with long-term funding guaranteed and the New Mexico Chile Growers Association\u27s direct involvement to determine the allocation of research funds to the team and other funding requests

New Student Directory, the Class of 1962

Directory of newly admitted students and new faculty members. The student directory includes photographs of the 409 students and student information including name, high school attended, city and state, activities, and/or area of academic interest. The 66 page directory is a simple paper bound booklet with a black and white photograph of Kauke Hall on the cover and the title The College of Wooster \u27Freshman Directory\u27.https://openworks.wooster.edu/directories/1010/thumbnail.jp

El Hispano-Americano, 04-29-1920

Periodigo semanario dedicado a los intereses y progreso del pueblo hispano-americano. Spanish language weekly newspaper, Belen, Valencia County, New Mexicohttps://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ha_b_news/1067/thumbnail.jp

A survey of perceived hindrances to junior secondary school science teaching

This study investigated situations which Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) teachers perceived as hindrances to their teaching functions. A 30-item questionnaire with a 5-point scale was used to collect data from 116 science teachers who taught in private and public schools. The schools were based in rural and urban settings. An examination of the rank ordered hindrances showed that large class sizes, heavy teaching load, lack of funds to purchase materials and inadequate treatment of certain topics in the pupils' textbooks hindered JSS science teachers the most. It was also found that different percentages of teachers perceived each of the situations (the main instrument described) as a serious hindrance. The percentages varied from 68.1 (heavy teaching load) to 14.6 (lack of knowledge in biology). Statistical analysis of the data using the z-test for 2-sample cases showed no significant difference between the hindrances perceived by three compared groups of teachers namely, teachers in rural and urban schools, teachers in private and public schools and teachers who specialised in science and their colleagues who did not. A significant difference was however found between the hindrances perceived by male and female teachers. One major finding of the study is that due to the lack of science teachers in the public schools, teachers who taught other non-science subjects such as Cultural Studies, Life Skills, Social Studies and English Language were assigned to teach science. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences Vol. 2(2) 2004: 51-6

The Morning News (Estancia, N.M.), 07-20-1911

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/estancia_news/1965/thumbnail.jp

Santa Fe New Mexican, 04-22-1903

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/sfnm_news/2633/thumbnail.jp

Columbus Courier, 07-17-1914

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/columbus_courier_news/1048/thumbnail.jp