L'Enlargissement de la Communaute europeene vers le sud. Intervention de M. Natali a la Conference de la Foundation Konrad Adenauer. Bruxelles, 2-3 decembre 1982 = European Community enlargement towards the south. Speech by Mr. Natali [member of the European Commission] to the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Conference. Brussels, 2-3 December 1982

No abstract

ENTRE SYLVICULTURE ET PATURAGE DANS LES ESPACES BOISES DE LA ZONE MEDITERRANEENNE FRANÇAISE L'INNOVATION SYLVOPASTORALE EN QUESTIONS

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceIn northern Mediterranean regions, livestock farming and silviculture evolutions have them sometimes gathered sometimes separated. The marginalization of little productive and costly to exploit Mediterranean forests and the economic and climatic difficulties faced by livestock sector in these regions calls for a fresh examination of silvopastoralism. In woodlands, fodder production is staggered over the year and its herbaceous component is preserved longer thanks to the shadow of trees. So it makes for example a summer pastoral resource. The selective cutting of trees generates wood products which may be sold, besides conventional outlets such as triturating and firewood, through new marketing channels such as wood energy or construction. Grazing keeps underbrush under control and facilitates later silviculture operations. Reciprocally, silviculture operations increase the quantity of light reaching undergrowth and thereby favours the development of forage resources : grass growth, lower hanging foliage, increase in percent fruit set. They also facilitate animal circulation. The construction of this productive consistency asks several questions, at different scales, which the paper tries to answer offering : (i) a silvopastoral interpretation of wooded environments ; (ii) a characterization of trees partial taking ; (iii) a characterization of wooded areas pastoral uses ; (iv) a different levels of silvopastoral project consistency analysis

GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE TELEGHMA PLAIN, ALGERIA

The Teleghma plain is located in northeastern Algeria, in the upper valley of Oued Rhumel. It is characterised by a semi-arid climate with average annual precipitation of 300 mm/ year. The shallow aquifer of Mio-Plio-Quaternary is powered mainly by carbonate formations of the Eocene surrounding the région. The uncontrolled use of groundwater for irrigation has caused water stress in the area which has threatened the degradation of water quality. On the other hand, the intense use of chemical fertilisers for agriculture aims has caused groundwater pollution by nitrates where concentrations exceeded the standard limit recommended by the world health organisation

La valeur économique totale de la forêt méditerranéenne française.

À partir d'une importante collecte de données, cet article fournit une analyse étendue et une comparaison des valeurs économiques liées aux forêts françaises et méditerranéennes, incluant non seulement les valeurs aisément et traditionnellement mesurées comme la production de bois, mais aussi les biens publics et les externalités qu'elles engendrent. Ces valeurs estimées, placées dans le contexte institutionnel et politique qui régit la gestion forestière, peuvent contribuer à une meilleure prise en compte des différents enjeux et défis auxquels font face les forêts, dessinant de nouvelles approches de politique publique permettant d'accroître la provision de biens publics tout en réduisant les effets négatifs concomitants

Effect of vineyard soil variability on chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and quality of table grape as influenced by soil moisture, grown under double cropping system in protected condition

Environmental factors greatly influence grape quality. Among them, the effect of within-vineyard variability of soil in relation to soil moisture on table grape under protected condition has rarely been studied. In this present research, we investigated the influence of soil variability, in relation with soil moisture on chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and quality attributes of the “Summer Black” (Vitis vinifera L. × V. labruscana L.) table grape, popularly grown under double cropping system in protected covering in the southern part of China. The vineyard was divided vertically into three sites (lower, middle and upper, 192, 202 and 212 m above sea level, respectively) and data on soil moisture and other yield and quality parameters were recorded. Among the three vineyard sites, middle site resulted in higher yield compared to the upper and lower sites during winter and summer cropping cycles. However, compared to regular summer cycle, winter cycle provided grapevines with higher quality attributes. Polyphasic OJIP fluorescence transient exhibited a considerable increase in fluorescence intensity at J, I and P phase in the upper and middle sites compared to the lower site due to variation in soil moisture in both seasons. Values of fluorescence parameters including minimal fluorescence, relative variable fluorescence at phase J and I, the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II were also influenced by soil moisture in different sites. Different sites also exhibited a significant difference in total phenolics, flavonoid, antioxidant activity and individual anthocyanin which was influenced by available soil moisture. The present study shows that chlorophyll fluorescence OJIP transient can be used as a sensitive indicator to determine the moisture stress in grape grown in a varied soil. Double cropping proved to be a powerful technique to improve the fruit quality. This result may be useful for the table grape growers to better utilize the vineyard soil variability with water management to get higher yield and quality table grape under protected condition