Characterisation of real GPRS traffic with analytical tools

With GPRS and UMTS networks lunched, wireless multimedia services are commercially becoming the most attractive applications next to voice. Because of the nature of bursty, packet-switched schemes and multiple data rates, the traditional Erlang approach and Poisson models for characterising voice-centric services traffic are not suitable for studying wireless multimedia services traffic. Therefore, research on the characterisation of wireless multimedia services traffic is very challenging. The typical reference for the study of wireless multimedia services traffic is wired Internet services traffic. However, because of the differences in network protocol, bandwidth, and QoS requirements between wired and wireless services, their traffic characterisations may not be similar. Wired network Internet traffic shows self-similarity, long-range dependence and its file sizes exhibit heavy-tailedness. This paper reports the use of existing tools to analyse real GPRS traffic data to establish whether wireless multimedia services traffic have similar properties as wired Internet services traffic

Resource Allocation and Mobility Prediction Algorithms for Multimedia Wireless Cellular Networks

Among the issues the telecommunication industry is the demand for multimedia applications with Quality of Service (QoS) in wireless/mobile networks. In the face of this increasingly complex traffic mix, where each service imposes different requirements, QoS provisioning and guarantee for multimedia services have become increasingly important. This is partially due to the users' requirements and poses a difficult challenge for network service providers. The tasks are more challenging than those in the wired networks due to the shortage of resources and the mobility present in wireless networks. The mobility factor causes severe fluctuations of resource usage. In this research, the QoS provisioning and resource utilization for multimedia services in wireless/mobile networks aspects are addressed. The first proposed scheme is called Adaptive Multi-Class Services Controller scheme (AMCSC). This scheme harnesses the combinations of Call Admission Control (CAC), an Adaptive Bandwidth Allocation (ABA) algorithm with micro-Acceptable Bandwidth Level (micro-ABL) and the Connection Management Table (CMT). The specific objective in designing the AMCSC Scheme is to reduce the New Connection Blocking Probability (NCBP) and the Handoff Connection Dropping Probability (HCDP) by managing resource allocation to address. The insufficient resource problem is experienced by the MTs. This scheme supports multiple classes of non-adaptive and adaptive multimedia services with diverse QoS requirements. The second proposed scheme is a bandwidth reservation scheme based on Mobility Prediction Scheme (MPS). Two proposed MPSs are deployed to predict the mobility movement of mobiles. The first MPS obtains the user mobility information by Received Signal Strength (RSS) which also includes the direction of the MT. This is enhanced based also on the position of the MT within a sector and zones of the cell. The second MPS obtains the user mobility information using the road map information of the cell and the integrated RSS and Global Position System (GPS) measurements. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme enhances the estimation of the target cell. This shown by the reduction of the signalling traffic in wireless cellular networks, reduction of the number of terminated ongoing calls of non-real time traffic and reduction of the number of cancelled reservation due to false reservation. The third proposed framework is an integration of the AMCSC scheme and the bandwidth reservation done based on the MPS. This integration is used to achieve the ideal balance between the users' QoS guarantee of multiple classes of wireless multimedia and maximizing the bandwidth utilization. The performance result of the proposed framework has proven to improve the achieved performance metrics. The performances analysis in this research is discrete simulation. The proposed schemes have proven to enhance the performance in terms of NCBP and HCDP for each type of traffic, management the resource for multiple traffics with diverse requirement, bandwidth utilization and predicting the target cell in the right time and place

Mobile Networks

The growth in the use of mobile networks has come mainly with the third generation systems and voice traffic. With the current third generation and the arrival of the 4G, the number of mobile users in the world will exceed the number of landlines users. Audio and video streaming have had a significant increase, parallel to the requirements of bandwidth and quality of service demanded by those applications. Mobile networks require that the applications and protocols that have worked successfully in fixed networks can be used with the same level of quality in mobile scenarios. Until the third generation of mobile networks, the need to ensure reliable handovers was still an important issue. On the eve of a new generation of access networks (4G) and increased connectivity between networks of different characteristics commonly called hybrid (satellite, ad-hoc, sensors, wired, WIMAX, LAN, etc.), it is necessary to transfer mechanisms of mobility to future generations of networks. In order to achieve this, it is essential to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of current protocols and the diverse topologies to suit the new mobility conditions

Wireless internet architecture and testbed for wineglass

One of the most challenging issues in the area of mobile communication is the deployment of IPbased wireless multimedia networks in public and business environments. The public branch may involve public mobile networks, like UMTS as 3G system, while the business branch introduces local radio access networks by means of W-LANs. Conventional mobile networks realise mobile specific functionality, e.g. mobility management or authentication and accounting, by implementing appropriate mechanisms in specific switching nodes (e.g. SGSN in GPRS). In order to exploit the full potential of IP networking solutions a replacement of these mechanisms by IP-based solutions might be appropriate. In addition current and innovative future services in mobile environments require at least soft-guaranteed, differentiated QoS. Therefore the WINE GLASS project investigates and implements enhanced IP-based techniques supporting mobility and QoS in a wireless Internet architecture. As a means to verify the applicability of the implemented solutions, location-aware services deploying both IP-mobility and QoS mechanisms will be implemented and demonstratedPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Improved Handover Routing Scheme In Hierarchical Mobile Ipv6 Networks

Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (MIPv6) has been proposed to solve the problem of mobility in the new era of Internet. MIPv6 is a proposal for handling routing of IPv6 packets to mobile nodes that have moved away from their home network. In the near future, with the simultaneous growth of the mobile user population and the Internet, users will move more frequently between networks as they stay connected to the Internet and access its resources. Thus, as mobility increases across networks, handovers will significantly give impact on the quality of the connection and on user application . Previous research has shown that MIPv6 only defines a means of managing global mobility (macro-mobility) but does not address local mobility (micro-mobility) separately. Instead, it uses the same mechanism in both cases. This involves long handover delay and a lot of signaling. The extension of protocol of basic MIPv6 has been investigated. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) introduced Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) . HMIPv6 is the proposed enhancement of MIPv6 that is designed to reduce the amount of signaling required and to improve handover speed for mobile connections. New node in HMIPv6 called the mobility anchor point (MAP) serves as a local entity to aid in mobile handover. By separating global and local mobility, HMIPv6 makes it possible to deal with either situation of macro mobility and micro mobility appropriately. The MAP helps to decrease the delay and packet loss during handover. HMIPv6's handover operation has been investigated. We have analyzed the handover routing scheme on Internet Protocol (IP) layer. The operation of this handover starts from the mobile node (MN) sends binding update (BU) to its new network until MN receives packet from the correspondent node (CN) or home agent (HA) through its new network. The adoption of multicast scheme and the avoidance of redundancy in sending binding update scheme have been proposed and have been implemented to HMIPv6. Proposed multicast scheme may allow MN to receive packets during handover operation. The avoidance of redundancy in sending B U scheme may reduce the amount of signaling for the handover thus reduce the handover delay. We have tested the performance of HMIPv6 with the proposed schemes based on simulation study. The results show that our proposed schemes reduce the handover delay and the amount of packet loss in HMIPv6