Unmet goals of tracking: within-track heterogeneity of students' expectations for

Educational systems are often characterized by some form(s) of ability grouping, like tracking. Although substantial variation in the implementation of these practices exists, it is always the aim to improve teaching efficiency by creating homogeneous groups of students in terms of capabilities and performances as well as expected pathways. If students’ expected pathways (university, graduate school, or working) are in line with the goals of tracking, one might presume that these expectations are rather homogeneous within tracks and heterogeneous between tracks. In Flanders (the northern region of Belgium), the educational system consists of four tracks. Many students start out in the most prestigious, academic track. If they fail to gain the necessary credentials, they move to the less esteemed technical and vocational tracks. Therefore, the educational system has been called a 'cascade system'. We presume that this cascade system creates homogeneous expectations in the academic track, though heterogeneous expectations in the technical and vocational tracks. We use data from the International Study of City Youth (ISCY), gathered during the 2013-2014 school year from 2354 pupils of the tenth grade across 30 secondary schools in the city of Ghent, Flanders. Preliminary results suggest that the technical and vocational tracks show more heterogeneity in student’s expectations than the academic track. If tracking does not fulfill the desired goals in some tracks, tracking practices should be questioned as tracking occurs along social and ethnic lines, causing social inequality

Esa 12th Conference: Differences, Inequalities and Sociological Imagination: Abstract Book

Esa 12th Conference: Differences, Inequalities and Sociological Imagination: Abstract Boo

Английский для таможни

Special course «English for Customs» is the textbook for students of law faculties who study customs business and for practical people who are eager to develop their knowledge of English to improve their careers and to climb the ladder in the field of customs activities. Special course «English for Customs» consists of following topics: Customs office, kinds of Customs houses, Customs duties, Customs formalities, duties of Customs officials, Customs services, Customs control, passport control, Customs declaration, personal examination, visa regime, Customs administration, Custom regulations, Customs revenue, Customs rules of values transportation. There are a great deal of original texts in English, are given various recommendations & comments on them, variety of dialogues and exercises to fasten knowledge of special vocabulary. Special course gives the opportunity in a short time to improve greatly your language basis, what is the main aim of successful career in future.Спецкурс «Английский для таможни» предназначен для студентов юридических факультетов, изучающих таможенное дело и для практиков, которые хотят усовершенствовать свои знания английского языка для своей карьеры в сфере таможенной деятельности. Спецкурс «Таможня» включает такие темы: Таможня (учреждение); Виды таможен; Таможенные пошлины; Таможенные формальности; Должностные обязанности таможенника; Таможенные службы; Таможенный контроль; Паспортный контроль; Личный досмотр; Таможенная декларация; Визовый режим; Таможенное управление; Таможенные инструкции; Контрабанда, Правила провоза ценностей. В книге приводятся оригинальные тексты на английском языке, даются всевозможные комментарии к ним, разнообразные диалоги и упражнения для закрепления специальной лексики. Спецкурс позволяет в короткие сроки значительно усовершенствовать свою языковую базу, что является первостепенным условием успешной карьеры в будущем