Nonparametric joint shape learning for customized shape modeling

We present a shape optimization approach to compute patient-specific models in customized prototyping applications. We design a coupled shape prior to model the transformation between a related pair of surfaces, using a nonparametric joint probability density estimation. The coupled shape prior forces with the help of application-specific data forces and smoothness forces drive a surface deformation towards a desired output surface. We demonstrate the usefulness of the method for generating customized shape models in applications of hearing aid design and pre-operative to intra-operative anatomic surface estimation

3D Anatomy Models and Impact on Learning: A Review of the Quality of the Literature

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this study were to identify studies exploring three-dimensional (3D) anatomy models and their impact on learning, and to assess the quality of research in this area.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Knowledge databases were searched using the following keywords "3D anatomy", "three dimensional anatomy," "3D virtual reality anatomy," "3D VR anatomy," "3D anatomy model, “3D anatomy teaching", and “anatomy learning VR” . Three evaluators independently assessed the quality of research using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI).ResultsOf the 94,616 studies identified initially, 30 studies reported data on the impact of using 3D anatomy models on learning. The majority were of moderate quality with a mean MERSQI score=10.26 (SD 2.14, range 6.0–13.5). The rater intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.75–0.88). Most studies were from North America (53%), and Europe (33%) and the majority were from medical (73%) and Dental (17%) schools.ConclusionsThere was no solid evidence that the use of 3D models is superior to traditional teaching. However, the studies varied in research quality. More studies are needed to examine the short- and long-term impacts of 3D models on learning using valid and appropriate tools

Application of machine learning technologies for detection of proximal lesions in intraoral digital images: in vitro study.

Background: Interpretation of bitewing radiographs is influenced by factors such as acquisition parameters (e.g. exposure, type of sensor), clinical technique, visualization (e.g. monitor type and calibration) and the observer (e.g. experience and fatigue bias). We hypothesized that the use of artificial intelligence (AI) will reduce visualization and observer factor in bitewing interpretation and improve diagnostic accuracy. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the use of AI in the form of a machine-learning algorithm to detect and quantify proximal lesions compared with human trained observers. Methods: 16,000 anonymized, digital bitewings of patients were hand searched and non-bitewing, poor quality images with personal health identifiers were excluded from the study. The images were randomly assigned into four sets: a) Training dataset for training AI, b) Calibration dataset for training 3 experts and 3 evaluators with AI software interface use, c) Ground truth set displayed to 3 experts used to provide a consensus truth, and d) Testing Subset displayed to three general dental practitioners (GDP) and used to evaluate the performance of the AI and GDPs compared to the experts. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated and receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to determine accuracy and compared using ANOVA (p≤0.025). Results: Overall sensitivity for AI (0.62) was greater compared to observers (mean, 0.52; range, 0.33-0.74) whereas specificity for AI (0.71) was reduced compared to observers (mean, 0.94; range, 0.87-0.98). Overall ROC for AI (0.7; CI: 0.66-0.74) was similar to the observers (0.74; CI: 0.69-0.78). Sensitivity increased for observers overall with increasing lesion (0.22 to 0.75) size but remained steady for AI (0.40 to 0.58). Conclusion: Using a limited learning dataset, AI provided a higher sensitivity for proximal lesion detection and greater accuracy for incipient sized lesions than observers. Further AI training is necessary to increase the specificity of dental proximal lesion detection

Situation Interpretation for Knowledge- and Model Based Laparoscopic Surgery

To manage the influx of information into surgical practice, new man-machine interaction methods are necessary to prevent information overflow. This work presents an approach to automatically segment surgeries into phases and select the most appropriate pieces of information for the current situation. This way, assistance systems can adopt themselves to the needs of the surgeon and not the other way around

Advances in Teaching & Learning Day Abstracts 2006

Proceedings of the Advances in Teaching & Learning Day Regional Conference held at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston in 2006

The Application of Eye-Tracking Technology in the Assessment of Radiology Practices: A Systematic Review

The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth analysis of literature pertaining to the use of eye-tracking equipment in the evaluation of radiological image interpretation by professionals in clinical practice. A systematic search of current literature was conducted through the databases of CINAHL, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library. A total of 25 articles were included in the final analysis. The literature gathered referenced four main discussions, which were competency assessment, educational tools, visual search behaviour and assistive aid evaluations. The majority of articles (68%) referenced to the competency assessment of professional groups yet appeared to have conflicting results within the categories of speed and eye-metrics. Significant conclusions could be made pertaining to confidence (100%) and accuracy measurements (56%), which suggested a background of higher experience correlates to a higher rate of accuracy and a higher confidence level. Other findings regarding the main themes focused on eye-tracking as an educational tool, where the literature suggests that such equipment may be useful in improving educational repertoire and interpretation technique. Literature pertaining to the visual search behaviour analysis and the evaluation of assistive aids did not provide strong conclusions due to research limitations. Whilst the use of eye-tracking in the analysis of radiological practices is a promising new venture to quantify the interpretation patterns of professionals, undertaking future research is recommended to solidify conclusions and provide greater insight

How Dental Hygiene Undergraduate Learning is Influenced by Educational Videos

How Dental Hygiene Undergraduate Learning is Influenced by Educational Videos Abstract This pilot experimental research study evaluated the efficacy of educational videos in comparison to traditional learning with print media and evaluated the student’s knowledge and retention of utilizing the periodontal screening and recording (PSR) method. The sample size consisted of 23 undergraduate students enrolled in their second year in a baccalaureate dental hygiene program. Participants were placed into two randomized groups, labeled Group A consisting of 12 students and Group B consisting of 11 students and evaluated with a 10 question pre test before exposure to the educational intervention, followed by a 10 question post test. Group A, n = 12, was exposed to a 5 minute educational video and the results showed a mean score difference of 0.467, df = 11, SD = 0.137, SEM (standard error of difference) = 0.040. Group B, n = 11, was exposed to traditional print media and the results showed a mean score difference of 0.473, df = 10, SD = 0.119, SEM = 0.036. By conventional criteria, the difference between the two groups is considered to be not statistically significant. When comparing the results of the group exposed to the educational video to the group that learned via traditional print media, the lack of statistical difference in the student’s results indicates that the educational videos are just as effective as the print media when used as a learning tool. Future studies could provide a more thorough investigation including a larger sample size with various levels of students to help determine if the educational video method utilized in this pilot study shows a statistical improvement in student learning over traditional print media methods