Watermarking FPGA Bitfile for Intellectual Property Protection

Intellectual property protection (IPP) of hardware designs is the most important requirement for many Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) intellectual property (IP) vendors. Digital watermarking has become an innovative technology for IPP in recent years. Existing watermarking techniques have successfully embedded watermark into IP cores. However, many of these techniques share two specific weaknesses: 1) They have extra overhead, and are likely to degrade performance of design; 2) vulnerability to removing attacks. We propose a novel watermarking technique to watermark FPGA bitfile for addressing these weaknesses. Experimental results and analysis show that the proposed technique incurs zero overhead and it is robust against removing attacks

A roadside units positioning framework in the context of vehicle-to-infrastructure based on integrated AHP-entropy and group-VIKOR

The positioning of roadside units (RSUs) in a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication system may have an impact on network performance. Optimal RSU positioning is required to reduce cost and maintain the quality of service. However, RSU positioning is considered a difficult task due to numerous criteria, such as the cost of RSUs, the intersection area and communication strength, which affect the positioning process and must be considered. Furthermore, the conflict and trade-off amongst these criteria and the significance of each criterion are reflected on the RSU positioning process. Towards this end, a four-stage methodology for a new RSU positioning framework using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) in V2I communication system context has been designed. Real time V2I hardware for data collection purpose was developed. This hardware device consisted of multi mobile-nodes (in the car) and RSUs and connected via an nRF24L01+ PA/LNA transceiver module with a microcontroller. In the second phase, different testing scenarios were identified to acquire the required data from the V2I devices. These scenarios were evaluated based on three evaluation attributes. A decision matrix consisted of the scenarios as alternatives and its assessment per criterion was constructed. In the third phase, the alternatives were ranked using hybrid of MCDM techniques, specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Entropy and Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). The result of each decision ranking was aggregated using Borda voting approach towards a final group ranking. Finally, the validation process was made to ensure the ranking result undergoes a systematic and valid rank. The results indicate the following: (1) The rank of scenarios obtained from group VIKOR suggested the second scenario with, four RSUs, a maximum distance of 200 meters between RSUs and the antennas height of two-meter, is the best positioning scenarios; and (2) in the objective validation. The study also reported significant differences between the scores of the groups, indicating that the ranking results are valid. Finally, the integration of AHP, Entropy and VIKOR has effectively solved the RSUs positioning problems

Application of Steganography for Anonymity through the Internet

In this paper, a novel steganographic scheme based on chaotic iterations is proposed. This research work takes place into the information hiding security framework. The applications for anonymity and privacy through the Internet are regarded too. To guarantee such an anonymity, it should be possible to set up a secret communication channel into a web page, being both secure and robust. To achieve this goal, we propose an information hiding scheme being stego-secure, which is the highest level of security in a well defined and studied category of attacks called "watermark-only attack". This category of attacks is the best context to study steganography-based anonymity through the Internet. The steganalysis of our steganographic process is also studied in order to show it security in a real test framework.Comment: 14 page