Wartime sexual violence: women’s human rights and questions of masculinity

This article examines wartime sexual violence, one of the most recurring wartime human rights abuses. It asserts that our theorisations need further development, particularly in regard to the way that masculinities and the intersections with constructions of ethnicity feature in wartime sexual violence. The article also argues that although women and girls are the predominant victims of sexual violence and men and boys the predominant agents, we must also be able to account for the presence of male victims and female agents. This, however, engenders a problem; much of the women’s human rights discourse and existing international mechanisms for addressing wartime sexual violence tend to reify the male-perpetrator/female-victim paradigm. This is a problem which feminist human rights theorists and activists need to address

Devil in the Making: Sino-Japanese Wartime Cultural Products in China and Its Influence on Chinese Nationalism

This paper aims to provide a possible interpretation of the role of Sino-Japanese wartime cultural products in shaping Chinese nationalism through a cultural sociological analysis. The concept of “wartime cultural products” in this paper does not refer to the cultural products produced during wartime; instead, it refers to the cultural products with war as the topic. In order to give a hint of the role of Sino-Japanese wartime cultural products in shaping Chinese nationalism, the author asks the following two specific questions and will answer them in the main body of this paper: 1) what is the deep cultural structure of the anti-Japanese culture products? 2) how does the deep cultural structure shape current Chinese nationalism and anti-Japanese action? “Deep cultural structure” here means the objective but non-public codes and logic, which is different from the surface structure that can be obtained easil

Enforced Tourists: American Women, Travel, and the ‘Far-Flung Fronts’ of World War II

The exigencies of World War II resulted in a massive expansion of travel opportunities for American women, both civilian and military, that formed an essential ingredient of their wartime experience. As enforced tourists, the geographical centres and states of knowledge of American women were greatly expanded as they travelled to distant and remote areas, met new people, took on new jobs, encountered different cultures and ways of life, and established themselves and their families in unknown locations. The far-reaching consequences of enforced wartime travel played an important role in transforming the way American women thought about themselves and their world, and the legacy of the war continues to reverberate in women\u27s lives. Much has been written about how major wars have given rise to postwar pilgrimages, battlefield tours, and the establishment of commemorative memorials and museums, but the significance of enforced tourists who travelled during wartime itself has not been fully explored. The far-reaching consequences of wartime travel and the extent to which it transforms the lives of enforced tourists – both women and men, civilian and military – is a largely uncharted topic worthy of considerable attention by scholars

Education in Wartime

A Bryant College brochure produced to attract potential students to pursuing a business degree for employment in government and in the war industry sector

Narrating chaos : the 'normal lives' of Sarajevans during the Bosnian War

Erin Jessee reviews Sarajevo Under Siege: Anthropology in Wartime by Ivana Mače

Understanding the True Nature of War: Dr. James Clifton’s Lecture Mediated War

Wartime artwork allows us to experience certain aspects of battle and its aftermath and yet to also be distanced from it: When viewing the artwork, we get a small visual window into the carnage and devastation of war, but we are spared the affronts to our other senses. This concept was present in Dr. James Clifton’s lecture, Meditated War. Dr. Clifton, the director of the Sarah Cambell Blaffer Foundation at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, coordinated with Gettysburg College to loan the collection of European war prints for the exhibit, The Plains of Mars. The exhibition is currently on display at Schmucker Art Gallery and will remain so until December 7th. The pieces are comprised of wartime images from 1500 through 1825 and depict battles, individual soldiers, and civilians. Dr. Clifton’s lecture focused primarily on what one can learn from wartime art, specifically war prints, but also what they lack. [excerpt

Fiscal multipliers in war and in peace

Proponents of fiscal stimulus argue that government spending is needed to replace the private spending normally lost during a recession. Estimates of the so-called fiscal multiplier based on wartime episodes are used to support the proposition that a peacetime intervention can "stimulate" the economy in a desirable manner. The author argues that a wartime crisis is fundamentally different from a peacetime economic crisis. What may be desirable in war is not necessarily so in peace. This is demonstrated formally in the context of a simple neoclassical model, which delivers fiscal multipliers consistent with the wartime evidence. The optimal fiscal policy, whether it entails expansion or contraction, is independent of the size of the fiscal multiplier.Fiscal policy - United States