Smart handoff technique for internet of vehicles communication using dynamic edge-backup node

© 2020 The Authors. Published by MDPI. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030524A vehicular adhoc network (VANET) recently emerged in the the Internet of Vehicles (IoV); it involves the computational processing of moving vehicles. Nowadays, IoV has turned into an interesting field of research as vehicles can be equipped with processors, sensors, and communication devices. IoV gives rise to handoff, which involves changing the connection points during the online communication session. This presents a major challenge for which many standardized solutions are recommended. Although there are various proposed techniques and methods to support seamless handover procedure in IoV, there are still some open research issues, such as unavoidable packet loss rate and latency. On the other hand, the emerged concept of edge mobile computing has gained crucial attention by researchers that could help in reducing computational complexities and decreasing communication delay. Hence, this paper specifically studies the handoff challenges in cluster based handoff using new concept of dynamic edge-backup node. The outcomes are evaluated and contrasted with the network mobility method, our proposed technique, and other cluster-based technologies. The results show that coherence in communication during the handoff method can be upgraded, enhanced, and improved utilizing the proposed technique.Published onlin

Performance Analysis of Vertical Handover in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network Using Media Independent Handover Services

Next-generation of the mobile communication, network services allow users to move in freedom while accessing the Internet and network applications with seamless communication through the different wireless networks technologies. Integrating different system networks is called vertical handover which is critically a challenging task using the traditional decision algorithm for the next-generation networks. In this study, we proposed a simulation result of performance quality of service (QoS) of the vertical handover in vehicle-to- Infrastructure (V2I) on Road-Side Unit (RSU) between Wifi, WiMAX, and LTE networks using IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard. The simulation is carried out using the NS-2 simulator and the VanetMobiSim traffic generator for the IEEE 802.21 MIH standard. The results show the performance analysis of IEEE 802.21 MIH in terms of handover latency, throughput, end-to-end delay and packet loss. Hence, this study will help and guide the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and Telecommunication System (Telcos) provider in Malaysia to cater the problems of internet services by increasing the QoS of networks for the user's convenience

Performance analysis of vertical handover in vehicular ad-hoc network using media independent handover services

Next-generation of the mobile communication, network services allow users to move in freedom while accessing the Internet and network applications with seamless communication through the different wireless networks technologies. Integrating different system networks is called vertical handover which is critically a challenging task using the traditional decision algorithm for the next-generation networks. In this study, we proposed a simulation result of performance quality of service (QoS) of the vertical handover in vehicle-to Infrastructure (V2I) on Road-Side Unit (RSU) between Wifi, WiMAX, and LTE networks using IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard. The simulation is carried out using the NS-2 simulator and the VanetMobiSim traffic generator for the IEEE 802.21 MIH standard.The results show the performance analysis of IEEE 802.21 MIH in terms of handover latency, throughput, end-to-end delay and packet loss. Hence, this study will help and guide the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and Telecommunication System (Telcos) provider in Malaysia to cater the problems of internet services by increasing the QoS of networks for the user's convenience

Fuzzy logic-based intelligent scheme for enhancing QoS of vertical handover decision in vehicular ad-hoc networks

The design of next generation networks in various technologies under the “Anywhere, Anytime” paradigm offers seamless connectivity across different coverage. A conventional algorithm such as RSSThreshold algorithm, that only uses the received strength signal (RSS) as a metric, will decrease handover performance regarding handover latency, delay, packet loss, and handover failure probability. Moreover, the RSS-based algorithm is only suitable for horizontal handover decision to examine the quality of service (QoS) compared to the vertical handover decision in advanced technologies. In the next generation network, vertical handover can be started based on the user’s convenience or choice rather than connectivity reasons. This study proposes a vertical handover decision algorithm that uses a Fuzzy Logic (FL) algorithm, to increase QoS performance in heterogeneous vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET). The study uses network simulator 2.29 (NS 2.29) along with the mobility traffic network and generator to implement simulation scenarios and topologies. This helps the simulation to achieve a realistic VANET mobility scenario. The required analysis on the performance of QoS in the vertical handover can thus be conducted. The proposed Fuzzy Logic algorithm shows improvement over the conventional algorithm (RSSThreshold) in the average percentage of handover QoS whereby it achieves 20%, 21% and 13% improvement on handover latency, delay, and packet loss respectively. This is achieved through triggering a process in layer two and three that enhances the handover performance

An intelligent network selection mechanism for vertical handover decision in vehicular Ad Hoc wireless networks

The design of the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) technology is a modern paradigm for vehicular communication on movement. However, VANET's vertical handover (VHO) decision in seamless connectivity is a huge challenge caused by the network topology complexity and the large number of mobile nodes that affect the network traffic in terms of the data transmission and dissemination efficiency. Furthermore, the conventional scheme only uses a received signal strength as a metric value, which shows a lack of appropriate handover metrics that is more suitable in horizontal handover compared to VHO. Appropriate VHO decisions will result in an increase in the network quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay, latency, and packet loss. This study aims to design an intelligent network selection to minimize the handover delay and latency, and packet loss in the heterogeneous Vehicle-to- Infrastructure (V2I) wireless networks. The proposed intelligent network selection is known as the Adaptive Handover Decision (AHD) scheme that uses Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) algorithms, namely F-SAW scheme. The AHD scheme was designed to select the best-qualified access point (AP) and base station (BS) candidates without degrading the performance of ongoing applications. The F-SAW scheme is proposed to develop a handover triggering mechanism that generates multiple attributes parameters using the information context of vertical handover decision in the V2I heterogeneous wireless networks. This study uses a network simulator (NS-2) as the mobility traffic network and vehicular mobility traffic (VANETMobiSim) generator to implement a topology in a realistic VANET mobility scenario in Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and LTE networks technologies. The proposed AHD scheme shows an improvement in the QoS handover over the conventional (RSS-based) scheme with an average QoS increased of 21%, 20%, and 13% in delay, latency and packet loss, while Media Independent Handover based (MIH-based) scheme with 12.2%, 11%, and 7% respectively. The proposed scheme assists the mobile user in selecting the best available APs or BS during the vehicles’ movement without degrading the performance of ongoing applications