Aquaculture Asia, vol. 11, no. 3, pp.1-34, July - September 2006

Resources and biodiversity of seahorses and the need for their conservation in India, by K.R. Salin and Nair C. Mohanakumaran. Captive breeding of pangasid catfish Pangasius pangasius with Ovaprim: an attempt towards sustainable seed production and conservation of wild populations, by U.K. Sarkar, S.K. Paul, D. Kapoor, P.K. Deepak and S.P. Singh. Establishment of post-tsunami rehabilitation information units to facilitate coordination of effort in Thailand, by Simon Wilkinson. Rural aquaculture: poor farmers culture tilapia intensively in ponds in Central Luzon, Philippines, by Peter Edwards. Simple herbal treatment for epizootic ulcerative syndrome in murrels (snakehead), by M.A. Haniffa, M. Dhanaraj, C. Muthu Ramakrishnan and R. Arthi Manju. DNA vaccination and prophylactic measures in aquaculture health management, by Dr. A.S. Ninawe. The role of immunostimulants in fish and shrimp aquaculture, by Vishal S. Jadhav, Sajid I. Khan, Milind M. Girkar and Madhav J. Gitte. Red tilapia cage culture in central Thailand, by Ben Belton, David Little & Jimmy Young. Quality improvement of farmed fish in Iranian markets, by Gholam Reza Shaviklo

The Behavioral Ecology of the Tibetan Macaque

This open access book summarizes the multi-disciplinary results of one of China’s main primatological research projects on the endemic Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), which had continued for over 30 years, but which had never been reported on systematically. Dedicated to this exceptional Old World monkey, this book makes the work of Chinese primatologists on the social behavior, cooperation, culture, cognition, group dynamics, and emerging technologies in primate research accessible to the international scientific community

Oceanus.

v. 26, no. 4 (1983

Balancing Environmental and Economic Development of Chinese CAFOs—a recommendation to the 2016-2020 Guideline on Live Pig Production

HonorsUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162680/1/tomisach.pd

The Behavioral Ecology of the Tibetan Macaque

This open access book summarizes the multi-disciplinary results of one of China’s main primatological research projects on the endemic Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), which had continued for over 30 years, but which had never been reported on systematically. Dedicated to this exceptional Old World monkey, this book makes the work of Chinese primatologists on the social behavior, cooperation, culture, cognition, group dynamics, and emerging technologies in primate research accessible to the international scientific community. One of the most impressive Asian monkeys, and the largest member of its genus, the Tibetan macaque deserves to be better known. This volume goes a long way towards bringing this species into the spotlight with many excellent behavioral analyses from the field. - Frans de Waal, Professor of Psychology, Emory University, USA. Macaques matter. To understand primate patterns and trends, and to gain important insight into humanity, we need to augment and expand our engagement with the most successful and widespread primate genus aside from Homo. This volume focuses on the Tibetan macaque, a fascinating species with much to tell us about social behavior, physiology, complexity and the macaque knack for interfacing with humans. This book is doubly important for primatology in that beyond containing core information on this macaque species, it also reflects an effective integrated collaboration between Chinese scholars and a range of international colleagues—exactly the type of collaborative engagement primatology needs. This volume is a critical contribution to a global primatology. - Agustín Fuentes, Professor of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, USA. I have many fond memories of my association with Mt. Huangshan research beginning in 1983, when together with Professor Qishan Wang we established this site. It is such a beautiful place and I miss it. It is gratifying to see how far research has progressed since we began work there, becoming more internationalized and very much a collaborative endeavor under the long-term direction of Professor Jin-Hua Li and colleagues. This book highlights the increased interest in this species, representing a variety of disciplines ranging from macro aspects of behavior, cognition and sociality, to micro aspects of microbes, parasites and disease, authored by a group of renowned Chinese and international primatologists. I applaud their efforts and expect more interesting work to come from this site in the years ahead. - Kazuo Wada, Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University, Japan

Australian industry report 2014

The Australian Industry Report is a new initiative of the Department of Industry’s Office of the Chief Economist. The report provides an overview and analysis of the major economic factors affecting Australia’s industries. The Australian economy is home to some 2 million actively trading businesses. Together with the public sector, they employ over 11.5 million persons and produce goods and services valued at around $1.6 trillion per annum. Our workforce is highly skilled; our firms highly productive and as a result, Australian income levels are higher today than they have ever been. Achieving this has not come without its challenges. Our economy has had to adapt and respond to a range of economic and demographic pressures. Workers and industries have had to retrain and regroup in the face of significant structural change. In addition, the future poses some considerable challenges that will need to be addressed. How can firms remain competitive when facing a persistently high Australian dollar? How can businesses compete against those in low wage countries? What will drive productivity growth over the next decade? How will the economy manage an ageing population? What happens after the Mining boom? These are some of the questions that provide the economic backdrop for Australia’s industries. And while they are challenges to be overcome, they are also opportunities to be pursued. This highlights report provides a brief snapshot of the market settings facing the Australian economy. It summarises the findings of a new initiative from the Department of Industry’s Office of the Chief Economist, the Australian Industry Report . The inaugural report comes at a time of major structural adjustments. Reflecting this, the focus of this year’s report is structural change

The economics of the drug war : effective federal policy or missed opportunity?

We calculated the value of two distinct economic inefficiencies that result from the prohibition of drugs. We define and illustrate these inefficiencies as the two direct components of the deadweight loss created by prohibition. The first is under-consumption and the second component, unique to our analysis, is the payment for risk. Using the 1999 illegal quantities and prices, the derived legal prices, and the estimated demand elasticities for four illegal drugs, we calculated the estimated quantity demanded for these drugs in legal markets. We then used the results of these calculations and estimated the total deadweight loss of the drug war in 1999 to be over $90 billion-$65 billion in payment for risk and $24 billion in under-consumption. We then focus our analysis on the indirect components of the deadweight loss, e.g., costs to reduce supply, cost of incarceration, and productivity losses, etc. Our conservative estimate for indirect deadweight loss for 1999 was$96.1 billion. In the final chapter, we estimate that of the total deadweight loss, America could gain $6.7 billion annually in taxes from legal drug sales, save over$34 billion annually in drug war costs, and recoup the remainder via reductions in prohibition-related phenomena.http://archive.org/details/theeconomicsofdr109455950Lieutenant Commander (Select), United States NavyCaptain, United States ArmyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

The Root of Sustainability: Investigating the relationship between medicinal plant conservation and surface mining in Appalachia

Since European colonization, Appalachian culture has been based on resource extraction, such as coal mining, timbering, and Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) harvest. Surface mining degrades forest habitat for medicinal plants, especially the habitat for the internationally valuable medicinal herb, American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), and the NTFP culture associated with this plant. The relationship between medicinal plant conservation and surface mining must be studied with a non- traditional, multi-faceted approach: culturally, economically, and ecologically. (1) Using community-based participatory surveys, I determined how ginseng harvesters and non- harvesters in West Virginia communities view the relationship between surface mining and ginseng harvest. Harvester culture is one worth preserving, as they value conservation. However, most harvesters admit to illegal harvesting practices. By determining what harvesters and non-harvesters prioritize and value, and understanding what is the most effective way to connect with these two groups, this research can aid in the development of successful environmental education and conservation outreach. (2) Challenging the perceptions that economic growth is incompatible with ecological consciousness, an economic analysis comparing the short-term gains of surface mining to the potential economic value of sustainable ginseng harvest or a large-scale ginseng farm operation was completed. Through an in-depth economic modeling approach I showed that stewarded ginseng harvest can be economically advantageous in the long-term while maintaining the integrity of the forest. (3) For reintroduction purposes, the concept of \u27indicator species\u27 is frequently used. These species are often selected based on anecdotal information, rather than scientific rigor. In order to maximize the efficiency of ginseng reintroductions, I analyzed the ability of select putative indicators (herbs, shrubs, and trees) to serve as site and microsite predictors of ginseng growth. Most indicators were ineffective, and the ones that did show a relationship to growth were contra- indicators, predicting reduced individual plant growth. This research may aid reintroduction and agroforestry projects, and thereby reduce the frequency of reintroductions that fail because plants are introduced into suboptimal locations. (4) By experimentally reintroducing two medicinal plants, ginseng and goldenseal, to two sites with three types of disturbance history, I determined that degraded landscapes can return to a forested state that supports medicinal plant growth and reproduction, although microsite and soil conditions were found to be important to consider when reintroducing plants. As such, appropriate future land-management decisions can be made based on land-use legacy. By combining social, economic, and ecological studies, medicinal plant conservation can be implemented through the development of environmental outreach and effective reintroduction strategies

Foodstuffs and medicines as legal categories in the EU and China. Functional foods as a borderline case

The thesis discusses the regulation of foodstuffs and medicines, and particularly the regulation of functional foods. Legal systems investigated are the EU and China. Both are members of the WTO and Codex Alimentarius, which binds European and Chinese rules together. The study uses three Chinese berries as case examples of how product development faces regulation in practice. The berries have traditional uses as herbal medicines. Europe and China have similar nutrition problems to be resolved, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The three berries might be suitable raw materials for functional foods. Consumer products with health-enhancing functions, such as lowering blood pressure, might legally be classifi ed either as foodstuffs or medicines. The classifi cation will depend on functions and presentation of the product. In our opinion, food and medicine regulation should come closer together so the classifi cation issue would no longer be an issue. Safety of both foodstuffs and medicines is strictly regulated. With medicines, safety is a more relative concept, where benefi ts of the product are compared to side-effects in thorough scientifi c tests and trials. Foods, on the other hand, are not allowed to have side-effects. Hygiene rules and rules on the use of chemicals apply. In China, food safety is currently at focus as China has had several severe food scandals. Newly developed foods are called novel foods, and are specifi cally regulated. The current European novel food regulation from 1997 treats traditional third country products as novel. The Chinese regulation of 2007 also defi nes novel foods as something unfamiliar to a Chinese consumer. The concepts of novel food thus serve a protectionist purpose. As regards marketing, foods are allowed to bear health claims, whereas medicines bear medicinal claims. The separation is legally strict: foods are not to be presented as having medicinal functions. European nutrition and health claim regulation exists since 2006. China also has its regulation on health foods, listing the permitted claims and how to substantiate them. Health claims are allowed only on health foods. The European rules on medicines include separate categories for herbal medicines, traditional herbal medicines, and homeopathic medicines, where there are differing requirements for scientifi c substantiation. The scientifi c and political grounds for the separate categories provoke criticism. At surface, the Chinese legal system seems similar to the European one. To facilitate trade, China has enacted modern laws. Laws are needed as the country moves from planned economy to market economy: ‘rule of law’ needs to replace ‘rule of man’. Instead of being citizens, Chinese people long were subordinates to the Emperor. Confucius himself advised to avoid confl ict. Still, Chinese people do not and cannot always trust the legal system, as laws are enforced in an inconsistent manner, and courts are weak. In China, there have been problems with confl icting national and local laws. In Europe, the competence of the EU vs. the competence of the Member States is still not resolved, even though the European Commission often states that free trade requires harmonisation. Food and medicine regulation is created by international organisations, food and medicine control agencies, standards agencies, companies and their organisations. Regulation can be divided in ‘hard law’ and ‘soft law’. One might claim that hard law is in crisis, as soft law is gaining importance. If law is out of fashion, regulation certainly isn’t. In the future, ‘law’ might mean a process where rules and incentives are created by states, NGOs, companies, consumers, and other stakeholders. ‘Law’ might thus refer to a constant negotiation between public and private actors. Legal principles such as transparency, equal treatment, and the right to be heard would still be important.Siirretty Doriast

Key Drivers In Stock Growth Of "Big Tobacco"

This study attempts to determine some of the key drivers in stock growth of BAT, IMB, JTI and PMI (“Big Tobacco”) which have seen strong growth in stock pricing from 2000 to 2016. The study uses a combination of financial statements and market related metrics to determine key trends. The results show that “Big Tobacco” has increased its share in the global market through acquisitions and diversification into the vaping and logistics markets. Share buy backs and increased margins have helped offset the decrease in cigarette consumption and have encouraged a bullish view of the industry. However, increasing dividend pay-out ratios, a falling cash conversion cycle and an increased tax burden suggest future difficulties. The market continues to price growth into “Big Tobacco” stocks, and while risk is low in the industry the same level of growth cannot be expected in the future without some changes in the sector. Further consolidation of the industry could provide more opportunity for investors