Supply Chain

Traditionally supply chain management has meant factories, assembly lines, warehouses, transportation vehicles, and time sheets. Modern supply chain management is a highly complex, multidimensional problem set with virtually endless number of variables for optimization. An Internet enabled supply chain may have just-in-time delivery, precise inventory visibility, and up-to-the-minute distribution-tracking capabilities. Technology advances have enabled supply chains to become strategic weapons that can help avoid disasters, lower costs, and make money. From internal enterprise processes to external business transactions with suppliers, transporters, channels and end-users marks the wide range of challenges researchers have to handle. The aim of this book is at revealing and illustrating this diversity in terms of scientific and theoretical fundamentals, prevailing concepts as well as current practical applications

Transportation Systems Analysis and Assessment

The transportation system is the backbone of any social and economic system, and is also a very complex system in which users, transport means, technologies, services, and infrastructures have to cooperate with each other to achieve common and unique goals.The aim of this book is to present a general overview on some of the main challenges that transportation planners and decision makers are faced with. The book addresses different topics that range from user's behavior to travel demand simulation, from supply chain to the railway infrastructure capacity, from traffic safety issues to Life Cycle Assessment, and to strategies to make the transportation system more sustainable

Comunidades de prática na perspectiva de Wenger : os constructos, a trajetória, os desdobramentos e suas relações com a gestão do conhecimento

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Helena de Fátima Nunes SilvaCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Glauco Gomes de MenezesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão da Informação. Defesa : Curitiba, 29/09/2022Inclui referênciasResumo: As Comunidades de Prática caracterizam-se pela união de pessoas, com interesses em comum, conectando-se tendo em vista a ampliação de seus conhecimentos, por meio de práticas desenvolvidas em grupo. As Comunidades de Prática tiveram sua concepção conceitual atrelada a Etienne Wenger, no início da década de 1990. Visto sua contribuição para a criação e compartilhamento de conhecimento, as Comunidades de Prática e seus constructos tornaram-se uma ferramenta da Gestão do Conhecimento aplicada às organizações. A ampliação dos constructos a campos do conhecimento, da sociedade e ao contexto gerencial, suscitou questionamentos a respeito da estrutura de sua construção, das limitações empíricas em decorrência de sua flexibilização interpretativa, bem como a diversidade de nomenclaturas atribuídas às Comunidades de Prática. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta tese é Analisar a concepção dos constructos, a trajetória, os desdobramentos e as relações, influências e contribuições à produção científica em Gestão do Conhecimento, a partir da análise das Comunidades de Prática na perspectiva de Etienne Wenger. A pesquisa estabelece a sustentação literária, a partir dos autores e teorias de base utilizados por Wenger, para concepção dos constructos das Comunidades de Prática. Da mesma forma, sua trajetória e desdobramentos conceituais apresentam estreita relação com a Teoria de Criação do Conhecimento Organizacional, que se constata por meio da produção científica em Gestão do Conhecimento (estudo bibliométrico e revisão sistemática da literatura). A pesquisa caracteriza-se como exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, bem como utiliza-se de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os procedimentos metodológicos para coleta, análise e tratamento dos dados foram delimitados especificamente para a construção de cada capítulo da tese, alinhados às premissas e aos objetivos específicos propostos. Os resultados apresentam os elementos estruturantes dos constructos das Comunidades de Prática, juntamente com os elementos que as caracterizam na Teoria de Criação do Conhecimento Organizacional. Em seguida, a partir do grupo de autores, no qual Lave e Wenger apresentam os constructos de Comunidades de Prática observou-se o impacto e a relevância destes autores para a academia, bem como a relação interdisciplinar da concepção conceitual, tendo majoritariamente, a contribuição de três áreas do conhecimento, a saber: antropologia, sociologia e psicologia. O estudo bibliométrico revelou o comportamento do campo científico e as produções no cenário nacional e internacional de Gestão do Conhecimento, bem como demonstrou a influência dos autores Wenger e Nonaka para a construção nas produções científicas neste contexto. Por fim, constatou-se as relações entre os elementos dos constructos das Comunidades de Prática e os elementos da Teoria de Criação do Conhecimento Organizacional, avançando-se na proposição de um mapa integrativo conceitual e na discussão da trajetória conceitual percorrida por Wenger.Abstract: Communities of Practice are characterized by the union of people with common interests, connecting with a view to expanding their knowledge, through practices developed in groups. Communities of Practice had their conceptual conception linked to Etienne Wenger, in the early 1990s. Given their contribution to the creation and sharing of knowledge, Communities of Practice and their constructs have become a Knowledge Management tool applied to organizations. The expansion of the constructs to fields of knowledge, society and the managerial context, raised questions despite the structure of their construction, the empirical limitations due to their interpretative flexibility, as well as the diversity of nomenclatures attributed to Communities of Practice. In this sense, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the conception of the constructs, the trajectory, the developments and the relations, influences and contributions to the scientific production in Knowledge Management, from the analysis of the Communities of Practice in the perspective of Etienne Wenger. The research establishes the literary support, based the authors and base theories used by Wenger, for the conception of the constructs of Communities of Practice. Likewise, its trajectory and conceptual developments are closely related to the Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation, which is verified through scientific production in Knowledge Management (bibliometric study and systematic literature review). The research is characterized as exploratory and descriptive, with a qualitative approach, as well as using bibliographic research. The methodological procedures for data collection, analysis and treatment were delimited specifically for the construction of each chapter of the thesis, aligned with the assumptions and specific objectives proposed. The results present the structuring elements of the Communities of Practice constructs, together with the elements that characterize them in the Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Then, from the group of authors, in which Lave and Wenger present the constructs of Communities of Practice, the impact and relevance of these authors for the academy was observed, as well as the interdisciplinary relationship of the conceptual conception, having, mostly, the contribution of three areas of knowledge, namely: anthropology, sociology and psychology. The bibliometric study revealed the behavior of the scientific field and the productions in the national and international scenario of Knowledge Management, as well as demonstrated the influence of the authors Wenger and Nonaka for the construction of scientific productions in this context. Finally, the relationships between the elements of the constructs of Communities of Practice and the elements of the Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation were verified, advancing in the proposition of an integrative conceptual map and in the discussion of the conceptual trajectory followed by Wenger

Conflicting Objectives in Decisions

This book deals with quantitative approaches in making decisions when conflicting objectives are present. This problem is central to many applications of decision analysis, policy analysis, operational research, etc. in a wide range of fields, for example, business, economics, engineering, psychology, and planning. The book surveys different approaches to the same problem area and each approach is discussed in considerable detail so that the coverage of the book is both broad and deep. The problem of conflicting objectives is of paramount importance, both in planned and market economies, and this book represents a cross-cultural mixture of approaches from many countries to the same class of problem

A Statistical Approach to the Alignment of fMRI Data

Multi-subject functional Magnetic Resonance Image studies are critical. The anatomical and functional structure varies across subjects, so the image alignment is necessary. We define a probabilistic model to describe functional alignment. Imposing a prior distribution, as the matrix Fisher Von Mises distribution, of the orthogonal transformation parameter, the anatomical information is embedded in the estimation of the parameters, i.e., penalizing the combination of spatially distant voxels. Real applications show an improvement in the classification and interpretability of the results compared to various functional alignment methods

A comparison of the CAR and DAGAR spatial random effects models with an application to diabetics rate estimation in Belgium

When hierarchically modelling an epidemiological phenomenon on a finite collection of sites in space, one must always take a latent spatial effect into account in order to capture the correlation structure that links the phenomenon to the territory. In this work, we compare two autoregressive spatial models that can be used for this purpose: the classical CAR model and the more recent DAGAR model. Differently from the former, the latter has a desirable property: its ρ parameter can be naturally interpreted as the average neighbor pair correlation and, in addition, this parameter can be directly estimated when the effect is modelled using a DAGAR rather than a CAR structure. As an application, we model the diabetics rate in Belgium in 2014 and show the adequacy of these models in predicting the response variable when no covariates are available

Proceedings of the Seventh Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education

International audienceThis volume contains the Proceedings of the Seventh Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (ERME), which took place 9-13 February 2011, at Rzeszñw in Poland

Advances and Applications of DSmT for Information Fusion. Collected Works, Volume 5

This fifth volume on Advances and Applications of DSmT for Information Fusion collects theoretical and applied contributions of researchers working in different fields of applications and in mathematics, and is available in open-access. The collected contributions of this volume have either been published or presented after disseminating the fourth volume in 2015 in international conferences, seminars, workshops and journals, or they are new. The contributions of each part of this volume are chronologically ordered. First Part of this book presents some theoretical advances on DSmT, dealing mainly with modified Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules (PCR) of combination with degree of intersection, coarsening techniques, interval calculus for PCR thanks to set inversion via interval analysis (SIVIA), rough set classifiers, canonical decomposition of dichotomous belief functions, fast PCR fusion, fast inter-criteria analysis with PCR, and improved PCR5 and PCR6 rules preserving the (quasi-)neutrality of (quasi-)vacuous belief assignment in the fusion of sources of evidence with their Matlab codes. Because more applications of DSmT have emerged in the past years since the apparition of the fourth book of DSmT in 2015, the second part of this volume is about selected applications of DSmT mainly in building change detection, object recognition, quality of data association in tracking, perception in robotics, risk assessment for torrent protection and multi-criteria decision-making, multi-modal image fusion, coarsening techniques, recommender system, levee characterization and assessment, human heading perception, trust assessment, robotics, biometrics, failure detection, GPS systems, inter-criteria analysis, group decision, human activity recognition, storm prediction, data association for autonomous vehicles, identification of maritime vessels, fusion of support vector machines (SVM), Silx-Furtif RUST code library for information fusion including PCR rules, and network for ship classification. Finally, the third part presents interesting contributions related to belief functions in general published or presented along the years since 2015. These contributions are related with decision-making under uncertainty, belief approximations, probability transformations, new distances between belief functions, non-classical multi-criteria decision-making problems with belief functions, generalization of Bayes theorem, image processing, data association, entropy and cross-entropy measures, fuzzy evidence numbers, negator of belief mass, human activity recognition, information fusion for breast cancer therapy, imbalanced data classification, and hybrid techniques mixing deep learning with belief functions as well