Dezentrale Identifikatoren (DIDs): Die nächste PID-Evolution: selbstsouverän, datenschutzfreundlich, dezentral

Dieser Beitrag behandelt den zuletzt vom W3C hervorgebrachten Standard für dezentrale Identifikatoren (Decentralized Identifiers, kurz: DIDs) in Bezug auf den Bereich des Forschungsdatenmanagements. Es wird dargelegt, dass die aktuell im wissenschaftlichen Publikationswesen häufig verwendeten persistenten Identifikatorensysteme (Persistent Identifiers, PIDs) wie Handle, DOI, ORCID und ROR aufgrund ihrer Zentralisierung fundamentale Probleme hinsichtlich der Datensicherheit, dem Datenschutz und bei der Sicherstellung der Datenintegrität aufweisen. Dem werden als mögliche Lösung das System der DIDs gegenübergestellt: eine neuartige Form von weltweit ein- deutigen Identifikatoren, die durch jedes Individuum oder jede Organisation selbst generiert und auf jeder als vertrauenswürdig erachteten Plattform betrieben werden können. Blockchains oder andere Distributed-Legder-Technologien können dabei als vertrauenswürdige Datenregister fungieren, aber auch direkte Peer-to-Peer-Verbindungen, auf bestehende Internetprotokolle aufsetzende Methoden oder statische DIDs sind möglich. Neben dem Schema wird die technische Spezifikation im Sinne von Datenmodell und die Anwendung von DIDs erläutert sowie im Vergleich die Unterschiede zu zentralisierten PID-Systemen herausgestellt. Zuletzt wird der Zusammenhang mit dem zugrundeliegenden neuen Paradigma einer dezentralen Identität, der Self-Sovereign Identity, hergestellt. SSI repräsentiert ein gesamtes Ökosystem, in dem Entitäten ein kryptografisch gesichertes Vertrauensnetzwerk auf der Basis von DIDs und digitalen Identitätsnachweisen bilden, um dezentral manipulationsgesichert und datenschutzgerecht identitätsbezogene Daten auszutauschen. Zum Schluss der Abhandlung stellt der Autor fünf zuvor herausgearbeitete Anforderungen in Bezug auf eine zeitgemäße Umsetzung von persistenten Identifikatoren vor.This paper discusses the latest W3C standard for decentralized identifiers (DIDs) with respect to research data management. It is shown that due to their centralization, persistent identifier systems (PIDs) currently used in scientific publishing, such as Handle, DOI, ORCID, and ROR, involve fundamental problems with regard to data security, data privacy and data integrity. This is contrasted with DIDs as a possible solution, a new form of globally unique identifiers that can be generated by any individual or organization and operated on any platform deemed trustworthy. Blockchains or other distributed ledger technologies can act as verifiable data registries, but direct peer-to-peer connections, methods built on existing Internet protocols, or static DIDs are also possible. In addition to the scheme, the technical specification in terms of the data model and the usage of DIDs are explained. The differences in comparison to centralized PID systems are outlined as well. Finally, the connection to the underlying new paradigm of a decentralized identity, called Self-Sovereign Identity, is shown. SSI represents an entire ecosystem in which entities form a cryptographically secured trust network based on DIDs and digital proofs of identity to exchange identity-related data in a decentralized, tamper-proof, and privacy-preserving manner. The author concludes by presenting five requirements derived from the discussion related to a state-of-the-art approach to the implementation of persistent identifiers

Automation of Cooperating Modules for e-Business

Tato práce pojednává o návrhu a implementaci API rozhraní pro aplikace společnosti IT STUDIO s.r.o. a následně návrhu a realizaci e-commerce kalendáře využívajícího API. V práci je popsán systém World Wide Web a jeho nejdůležitější části včetně možných protokolů pro realizaci rozhraní. Další část práce pojednává o specifkaci, analýze, návrhu rozhraní a návrhu aplikace. V části implementace jsou popsány použité knihovny a zvolená řešení včetně uvedení možných alternativ.This thesis discusses the design of API interface for applications for IT STUDIO s.r.o. and of the e-commerce calendar, using the API. In the introduction, there is described the system of the World Wide Web and its most important parts, including the possible protocols for implementing interfaces. The next part deals with the specifcation, analysis, interface design and application design. The implementation section describes used libraries and chosen solutions, including the description of possible alternatives.

Gestão dos metadados contidos nos identificadores de objetos de biblioteconomia

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, Araranguá, 2016.O intuito do presente trabalho é analisar o impacto que o gerenciamento dos metadados contidos em identificadores digitais de objetos, utilizados na Biblioteconomia e apoiados pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, pode causar sobre a usabilidade do Mecanismo Online para Referências e sobre a satisfação dos usuários ao fazer uso do mesmo. Para a realização desta pesquisa, um protótipo que recupera os metadados vinculados a um determinado Digital Object Identifier junto aos repositórios das Autoridades de Registro da International DOI Foundation foi desenvolvido e integrado ao Mecanismo Online para Referências, com o objetivo de auxiliar seus usuários preenchendo automaticamente campos do formulário de geração de referências a artigos de periódico. Um questionário para levantar o grau de utilidade percebida frente as funcionalidades do protótipo permaneceu disponível durante cinco meses para ser respondido pelos usuários que fizeram uso destas. O referido questionário é constituído por dez questões fechadas e uma questão aberta. Uma escala de Likert de seis níveis foi adotada para quantificar as opções de resposta das questões fechadas. A estrutura deste relatório comporta 8 (oito) capítulos, a saber: Introdução; Recuperação da Informação; Identificação de Recursos de Informação; Tecnologias Computacionais Utilizadas; Procedimentos Metodológicos; Desenvolvimento do Protótipo; Resultados; e, Considerações Finais. Da análise dos dados coletados, conclui-se que a gestão aqui abordada impacta positivamente na usabilidade do sistema e no grau de utilidade percebida e de satisfação do usuário, em concordância com 93,9% dos usuários amostrados.Abstract : The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact that the digital object identifiers contained metadata, used in Librarianship and supported by Information and Communication Technologies, can have on Mecanismo Online para Referências? quality and on the perceived user satisfaction while using the application. In order to validate this research, a prototype that retrieves metadata linked to a particular Digital Object Identifier from the Registration Authorities of the International DOI Foundation repositories was developed and integrated into Mecanismo Online para Referências to assist its users by automatically filling form fields used to generate references to journal papers. A questionnaire to determine the perceived usefulness degree of the prototype?s functionalities remained available during five months to be answered by users that used it. The questionnaire consists of ten closed questions and one open question. A six levels? Likert scale was adopted to quantify the response options of closed questions. The structure of this report contains eight (8) chapters, namely: Introduction; Information Retrieval; Information Resources Identification; Used Computer Technologies; Methodological Procedures; Prototype Development; Results; Final Considerations. From the analysis of the sampled data and concludes that the proposed functionality impacts positively the application?s quality and the perceived degree of usefulness and user satisfaction, as agreed by 93.9% of the sampled users