141 research outputs found
Terahertz Wireless Channels: A Holistic Survey on Measurement, Modeling, and Analysis
Terahertz (0.1-10 THz) communications are envisioned as a key technology for
sixth generation (6G) wireless systems. The study of underlying THz wireless
propagation channels provides the foundations for the development of reliable
THz communication systems and their applications. This article provides a
comprehensive overview of the study of THz wireless channels. First, the three
most popular THz channel measurement methodologies, namely, frequency-domain
channel measurement based on a vector network analyzer (VNA), time-domain
channel measurement based on sliding correlation, and time-domain channel
measurement based on THz pulses from time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), are
introduced and compared. Current channel measurement systems and measurement
campaigns are reviewed. Then, existing channel modeling methodologies are
categorized into deterministic, stochastic, and hybrid approaches.
State-of-the-art THz channel models are analyzed, and the channel simulators
that are based on them are introduced. Next, an in-depth review of channel
characteristics in the THz band is presented. Finally, open problems and future
research directions for research studies on THz wireless channels for 6G are
elaborated.Comment: to appear in IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial
Modeling and Analysis of sub-Terahertz Communication Channel via Mixture of Gamma Distribution
With the recent developments on opening the terahertz (THz) spectrum for
experimental purposes by the Federal Communications Commission, transceivers
operating in the range of 0.1THz-10THz, which are known as THz bands, will
enable ultra-high throughput wireless communications. However, actual
implementation of the high-speed and high-reliability THz band communication
systems should start with providing extensive knowledge in regards to the
propagation channel characteristics. Considering the huge bandwidth and the
rapid changes in the characteristics of THz wireless channels, ray tracing and
one-shot statistical modeling are not adequate to define an accurate channel
model. In this work, we propose Gamma mixture-based channel modeling for the
THz band via the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. First, maximum
likelihood estimation (MLE) is applied to characterize the Gamma mixture model
parameters, and then EM algorithm is used to compute MLEs of the unknown
parameters of the measurement data. The accuracy of the proposed model is
investigated by using the Weighted relative mean difference (WMRD) error
metrics, Kullback-Leibler (KL)-divergence, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to show
the difference between the proposed model and the actual probability density
functions (PDFs) that are obtained via the designed test environment. According
to WMRD error metrics, KL-divergence, and KS test results, PDFs generated by
the mixture of Gamma distributions fit the actual histogram of the measurement
data. It is shown that instead of taking pseudo-average characteristics of
sub-bands in the wideband, using the mixture models allows for determining
channel parameters more precisely.Comment: This paper has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on
Vehicular Technolog
Towards THz Communications -Status in Research, Standardization and Regulation
Abstract In the most recent years, wireless communication networks have been facing a rapidly increasing demand for mobile traffic along with the evolvement of applications that require data rates of several 10s of Gbit/s. In order to enable the transmission of such high data rates, two approaches are possible in principle. The first one is aiming at systems operating with moderate bandwidths at 60 GHz, for example, where 7 GHz spectrum is dedicated to mobile services worldwide. However, in order to reach the targeted date rates, systems with high spectral efficiencies beyond 10 bit/s/Hz have to be developed, which will be very challenging. A second approach adopts moderate spectral efficiencies and requires ultra high bandwidths beyond 20 GHz. Such an amount of unregulated spectrum can be identified only in the THz frequency range, i.e. beyond 300 GHz. Systems operated at those frequencies are referred to as THz communication systems. The technology enabling small integrated transceivers with highly directive, steerable antennas becomes the key challenges at THz frequencies in face of the very high path losses. This paper gives an overview over THz communications, summarizing current research projects, spectrum regulations and ongoing standardization activities
Experimental and Theoretical Exploration of Terahertz Channel Performance through Glass Doors
In the evolving landscape of terahertz communication, the behavior of
channels within indoor environments, particularly through glass doors, has
garnered significant attention. This paper comprehensively investigates
terahertz channel performance under such conditions, employing a measurement
setup operational between 113 and 170 GHz. Analyzing scenarios frequently
induced by human activity and environmental factors, like door movements, we
established a comprehensive theoretical model. This model seamlessly integrates
transmission, reflection, absorption, and diffraction mechanisms, leveraging
the Fresnel formula, multi-layer transmission paradigm, and knife-edge
diffraction theory. Our experimental results and theoretical predictions
harmoniously align, revealing intricate dependencies, such as increased power
loss at higher frequencies and larger incident angles. Furthermore, door
interactions, whether opening or oscillations, significantly impact the
terahertz channel. Notably, door edges lead to a power blockage surpassing the
transmission loss of the glass itself but remaining inferior to metallic handle
interferences. This paper's insights are pivotal for the design and fabrication
of terahertz communication systems within indoor settings, pushing the
boundaries of efficient and reliable communication.Comment: Scheduled to publish in Nano Communication Network
Signal Path Loss Measurement for Future Terahertz Wireless Propagation Links
Terahertz Band (100GHz-10THz) offers larger bandwidth and ultra-higher data rates and is visualized as a key technology to alleviate the capacity limitation and spectrum scarcity of the currents wireless networks. There are some competent development and design challenges in the realization of wireless terahertz network. Signal high path loss is one of the major constraints for enabling wireless communication networks in the terahertz band. Thus for the consummation of wireless propagation links in the THz band an equivalent signal path loss model is designed incorporating the major peculiarities of the wireless channel that accounts for terahertz wave propagation in LoS propagation. The equivalent path loss model for terahertz LoS propagation is developed and simulated in matlabR. The simulation results are compared with the lognormal path loss model results
306-321 GHz Wideband Channel Measurement and Analysis in an Indoor Lobby
The Terahertz (0.1-10 THz) band has been envisioned as one of the promising
spectrum bands to support ultra-broadband sixth-generation (6G) and beyond
communications. In this paper, a wideband channel measurement campaign in an
indoor lobby at 306-321 GHz is presented. The measurement system consists of a
vector network analyzer (VNA)-based channel sounder, and a directional antenna
equipped at the receiver to resolve multi-path components (MPCs) in the angular
domain. In particular, 21 positions and 3780 channel impulse responses (CIRs)
are measured in the lobby, including the line-of-sight (LoS), non-line-of-sight
(NLoS) and obstructed-line-of-sight (OLoS) cases. Multi-path propagation is
elaborated in terms of clustering results, and the effect of typical scatterers
in the indoor lobby scenario in the THz band is explored. Moreover, indoor THz
channel characteristics are analyzed in depth. Specifically, best direction and
omni-directional path losses are analyzed by invoking close-in and alpha-beta
path loss models. The most clusters are observed in the OLoS case, followed by
NLoS and then LoS cases. On average, the power dispersion of MPCs is smaller in
the LoS case in both temporal and angular domains, compared with the NLoS and
OLoS counterparts.Comment: 6 pages, 15 figure
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