REGISTERS OF CHEFS‟ SPOKEN LANGUAGE IN TELEVISION COOKING SHOWS: A PHENOMENON OF LANGUAGE SHIFTING

Register bahasa lisan yang biasa digunakan oleh para koki dalam acara-acara memasak di televisi sangat menarik untuk dikaji. Istilah-istilah kuliner sepertinya mengalami perkembangan secara drastis dari waktu ke waktu. Istilah-istilah yang biasanya digunakan dan dimengerti secara umum telah berubah ke arah yang lebih ke barat-baratan dan terdengar asing. Peristilahan di dalam bidang kuliner yang saat ini lebih banyak menggunakan kosakata asing telah mengalami pergeseran sehingga secara langsung maupun tidak turut memengaruhi tatanan bahasa Indonesia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas, penulis tertarik untuk mendeskripsikan permasalahan yang terjadi di dalam penggunaan register bahasa lisan yang digunakan para koki pada acara memasak di stasiun televisi yang berdampak pada terjadinya fenomena pergeseran bahasa, selain itu bahasa yang digunakan oleh para koki tersebut merupakan ragam bahasa register yang menarik untuk diteliti karena ragam bahasa register dalam acara tersebut tidak terdapat dalam acara-acara yang lain. Register bahasa lisan yang diteliti dibatasi pada penggunaan kata dan kalimat yang digunakan dalam bahasa lisan. Guna mendukung kajian ini penulis menggunakan metodologi deskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan pengamatan dan observasi pada acaraacara memasak di stasiun TV. Perekaman juga dilakukan untuk lebih mendukung data penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kosa kata asing dalam konteks leksikal secara langsung maupun tidak, perlahan tapi pasti, mengakibatkan pergeseran terhadap bahasa Indonesia. Penamaan nama masakan dan istilah-istilah kuliner dalam bahasa asing sangat mendominasi dunia kuliner di masa kini

Are you serious? From fist bumping to hand hygiene: considering culture, context and complexity in infection prevention intervention research

Infection prevention is an under-resourced research and development topic, with limited evidence for practice in the most basic of measures. A survey of IPS R&D members indicated that what might appear to be simple interactions and interventions in healthcare, such as hand shaking and hand hygiene, should be considered complex interventions taking account of behaviour at the individual and social level as well as contextual factors. Future studies need to be designed utilising comprehensive approaches, for example, the Medical Research Council complex interventions framework, tailored to the country and more local cultural context, if we are to be serious about evidence for infection prevention and control practice

The Future of Freedom of Expression Online

Should social media companies ban Holocaust denial from their platforms? What about conspiracy theorists that spew hate? Does good corporate citizenship mean platforms should remove offensive speech or tolerate it? The content moderation rules that companies develop to govern speech on their platforms will have significant implications for the future of freedom of expression. Given that the prospects for compelling platforms to respect users’ free speech rights are bleak within the U.S. system, what can be done to protect this important right? In June 2018, the United Nations’ top expert for freedom of expression called on companies to align their speech codes with standards embodied in international human rights law, particularly the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). After the controversy over de-platforming Alex Jones in August 2018, Twitter’s CEO agreed that his company should root its values in international human rights law and Facebook referenced this body of law in discussing its content moderation policies. This is the first article to explore what companies would need to do to align the substantive restrictions in their speech codes with Article 19 of the ICCPR, which is the key international standard for protecting freedom of expression. In order to examine this issue in a concrete way, this Article assesses whether Twitter’s hate speech rules would need to be modified. This Article also evaluates potential benefits of and concerns with aligning corporate speech codes with this international standard. This Article concludes it would be both feasible and desirable for companies to ground their speech codes in this standard; however, further multi-stakeholder discussions would be helpful to clarify certain issues that arise in translating international human rights law into a corporate context

Society-in-the-Loop: Programming the Algorithmic Social Contract

Recent rapid advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning have raised many questions about the regulatory and governance mechanisms for autonomous machines. Many commentators, scholars, and policy-makers now call for ensuring that algorithms governing our lives are transparent, fair, and accountable. Here, I propose a conceptual framework for the regulation of AI and algorithmic systems. I argue that we need tools to program, debug and maintain an algorithmic social contract, a pact between various human stakeholders, mediated by machines. To achieve this, we can adapt the concept of human-in-the-loop (HITL) from the fields of modeling and simulation, and interactive machine learning. In particular, I propose an agenda I call society-in-the-loop (SITL), which combines the HITL control paradigm with mechanisms for negotiating the values of various stakeholders affected by AI systems, and monitoring compliance with the agreement. In short, `SITL = HITL + Social Contract.'Comment: (in press), Ethics of Information Technology, 201

Survey on Hinglish to English Translation and Classification Techniques

Code-mixing is the process of using many languages in one sentence and has a widespread occurrence in multilingual communities. It is particularly prevalent in texts on social media. Due to the widespread usage of social networking sites, a substantial amount of unstructured text is produced. Hinglish, i.e. code-mixed Hindi and English, is a frequent occurrence in everyday language use in India. Hence, a translation process is required to help monolingual users and to aid in the comprehension of language processing models. In this paper, we study the effective techniques for classification and translation tasks and also find gaps and challenges in the current research domain. After comparing a few existing methodologies for machine translation, a framework which showed an improvement in task of translation over the previous methods is proposed. &nbsp