Developing Serbian 3D Cadastre System - Challenges and Directions

The real estate cadastre in the Republic of Serbia is based on 2D cadastral maps and procedures that do not support unequivocal registration and visualization of complex 3D property situations or complex objects located on/below several parcels, especially in urban areas. Within this study, we analyzed and documented specific situations concerning registration challenges for the current cadastral system in the Republic of Serbia.Furthermore, the analysis of additional functionalities which will enable overcoming the limitations of the current cadastre in the short to the medium-termtime period is represented. Themain objective is to use the current cadastral data and procedures as far as possible in order to keep the transition smoother and economicallyfeasible. Having in mindthis objective,thevariation ofthe hybridapproach as the solution for Serbian 3D real estate cadastrewas analyzed. One of the preliminary assumptions of this research is that it is possible to develop a systemthat is simple enoughforimplementationand maintenance,but at the same comprehensive enough to overcome the difficulties ofthe current real estate cadastre.Within the case study,3D objects based ondata currently provided by licensed surveying agenciesare presented

Possibilities of applying the E-government management concept in Serbian cities

Recent urban transformations worldwide consequentially lead to the numerous environmental problems that have to be solved by complex structure of social interest groups which have to be included in that process. This demands initiated requisitioning and modification of concepts and methodologies of planning and managing urban development. At this moment there are different models used in world wide practice, but main bases of new methods and techniques are the same. Leaving the idea of possibility of constituting the universal urban planning model lead to very productive results in developing the disciplinary methodologies. Process of transformation of traditional comprehensive urban planning model to integrated procedural pluralistic model (based on sustainable development principles) is something that can be underlined as a main characteristic of disciplinary development. The questions of decision making mechanisms and plans implementation are put in axes of conceptual and methodological considerations. Urban planning loses the classic form of making the multi level comprehensive urban plans with exact spatial and time horizon. It means, in general that planning and managing of urban development is aiming to be realistic, decentralized, strategic and problem oriented, arbitrary, not instructive, but understood as a efficient and effective process. Operational support to the this kind of approach are Decision Support IT tools, such as GIS - Geographical Information Systems or ES -Expert Systems. Usability of IT tools is based on their capability to perform fast and complicated processing of spatial data and on their flexibility towards specific real problems which are to be solved. In order to use maximum of capabilities of these tools in practice problem solving it is necessary to adjust their structure and usage to the: - actual conditions of socioeconomic of the context in which urban development planning and management is performed, - practical demands that managing of urban development has to fore fill, - all participants in urban management process, - institutional mechanisms and procedures

Urban Cadastral Situation in Ecuador: Analysis to Determine the Degree of Proximity of the Cadastral Systems to the 3D Cadastral Model

As 3D cadastres offer advantages in several areas by providing information with greater accuracy and a high level of detail, a diagnosis of the cadastral situation is required prior to the implementation of a 3D cadastral model. Therefore, this study focuses on diagnosing the urban cadastral situation in Ecuador based on an analysis of eight cantonal decentralized autonomous governments that were selected primarily for the availability of their cadastral information. The twelve characteristics included in the analysis supported the definition of a cadastral development scale based on the fulfillment of each characteristic. The official cadastral databases, meetings, and interviews with personnel related to the cadastres were used in the analysis to gain in-depth knowledge of the situation in each canton. The findings demonstrated that most cantons had similar characteristics and are at an intermediate level of cadastral development. Therefore, there is the need for cantons to have standardized cadastral information in accordance with national and international regulations. Thus, in this research, we developed an initial Ecuadorian land administration domain model country profile to initiate the transition towards 3D cadastre

Geographic Information Science (GIScience) and Geospatial Approaches for the Analysis of Historical Visual Sources and Cartographic Material

This book focuses on the use of GIScience in conjunction with historical visual sources to resolve past scenarios. The themes, knowledge gained and methodologies conducted might be of interest to a variety of scholars from the social science and humanities disciplines

Legal Coordinated Cadastres – Theoretical Concepts and the Case of Singapore

The field of cadastre holds an inherent complexity much based on its interdisciplinary characteristics and the national uniqueness of each cadastral system. In addition, some cadastral terminology is vague or ambiguous, why omission of the explicit sense and context of a particular term may bring obscurity to international comparisons and analyses. The concept legal coordinated cadastre, occasionally mentioned in connection with visions and plans of cadastral modernization, is discussed here in order to clarify possible meanings and implications. In an elaborate form, such a cadastre denotes that all property boundaries within a jurisdiction are legally defined by survey accurate coordinates guaranteed by the State. In less extensive forms, the coordinates in a digital cadastre are important means of evidence but they do not prevail over intact physical monuments on the ground. After an account of these theoretical issues, this paper presents the results of a case study of the recent cadastral reform in Singapore. The new Singaporean cadastre, effectuated in August 2004, is considered to be the first complete legal coordinated cadastre worldwide. This achievement involved great technical efforts as well as adjustments to the laws in force. For example, a new national reference system (SVY21) and a network of reference stations for GPS were established, enabling a systematic conversion of existing boundary data. When all boundaries were finally defined by SVY21 coordinates, the new cadastre was given legal significance according to the amended Boundaries and Survey Maps Act. From a legal perspective, this implies that the cadastral map coordinates are now conclusive evidence in court. The Chief Surveyor is however empowered to correct the cadastral map should it be defective due to e.g. errors in measuring or data conversion. Furthermore, the State does not guarantee the correctness of the cadastral boundary data, why the reliability of the coordinates is limited in some aspects. The Singaporean coordinated cadastre can hence be seen as a technically advanced system with a practical approach to the legal implications

Issues on 3D Property

Abstract-A questionnaire survey was carried out on 114 personnel from government authorities and professional companies administering cadastre registration in Penang, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Johore. The aim of the study was to elicit the opinions of the respondents and to appraise their understanding on five study areas, viz. land legislation, land administration, cadastre registration, and cadastral survey and mapping issues. The respondents were from State Lands and Mines Office, State District Land Office

Feasibility to develop three dimensional national digital cadastre database using remote sensing data

National Digital Cadastre Database (NDCDB) contains 40 million boundary marks that are based on Geocentric Datum of Malaysia (GDM 2000) for Peninsular Malaysia and Federal Territories of Malaysia. Currently, the NDCDB is a two-dimensional (2D) planimetric coordinate database without elevation information. Enhancement of the existing NDCDB is needed in order to suit the current situation and demands for real world modelling. One way to deal with this situation is to upgrade the current database to a three dimensional (3D) Cadastre Database that provide 3D information about land. The objectives of this research are: i) to investigate and to examine the feasibility of developing the 3D NDCDB; ii) to develop a new method for providing height information in cadastre survey and iii) to evaluate the accuracy of height information generated from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) and cadastre survey. Development of the 3D NDCDB involves the introduction of height information into the existing cadastre boundary marks (CBMs), extracted from various data sources such as LiDAR for urban areas in Mukim Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, IFSAR for rural areas in Mukim Simpang Kiri, Batu Pahat, Johor and from field observation in cadastre survey using the trigonometric levelling technique for new CBMs at lot 48330, Bandar Johor Bahru. The trigonometric levelling technique is used to determine the elevation difference between two stations by the triangle formula. The evaluation of accuracy of height information generated from existing CBMS is based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the accuracy of new CBMs is evaluated with reference to the accumulated error from Cadastre Reference Mark to CBMs. The results showed that the accuracy of vertical RMSE of generated height information for existing CBMs is ±11cm for LiDAR and suitable to be introduced into 3D NDCDB for urban areas. For rural area, the height accuracy is ±0.7m for IFSAR. The accuracy derived for new CBMs is ±8cm and it shows that trigonometric levelling technique is suitable to produce height information into new CBMs with several improvement in field data observation practices

Design of a 3D Multipurpose land administrative system for Greece, in the context of LADM

Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Γεωπληροφορική