Implementação de serviços em ambientes multi-access edge computing

Driven by the visions of the 5th Generation of Mobile Networks (5G), and with an increasing acceptance of software-based network technologies, such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networks (SDN), a transformation in network infrastructure is presently taking place, along with different requirements in terms of how networks are managed and deployed. One of the significantly changes is a shift in the cloud computing paradigm, moving from a centralized cloud computing towards the edge of the network. This new environment, providing a cloud computing platform at the edge of the network, is referred to as Multi-Acess Edge Computing (MEC). The main feature of MEC is to provide mobile computing, network control and storage to the network edges, enabling computation-intensive and latency-critical applications targeting resource-limited mobile devices. In this thesis a MEC architecture solution is provided, capable of supporting heterogeneous access networks, to assist as a platform for service deployment. Several MEC use case scenarios are evaluated on the proposed scheme, in order to attest the advantages of a MEC deployment. Results show that the proposed environment is significantly faster on performing compute-intensive applications, mainly due to lower end-to-end latency, when compared to traditional centralized cloud servers, translating into energy saving, and reduced backhaul traffic.Impulsionados pelas visões da quinta geração de redes móveis, e com uma crescente aceitação das tecnologias de redes baseadas em software, tais como funções de redes virtualizadas (NFV) e redes definidas por software (SDN), encontramo-nos perante uma transformação na infraestrutura nas redes de telecomunicações, assim como no modo como estas são geridas e implementadas. Uma das alterações mais significativas é a mudança no paradigma de computação na cloud, passando de uma implementação centralizada para uma ramificada na direção das extremidades da rede. Este novo ambiente, que possibilita uma plataforma de computação na extremidade da rede, é denominado de Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC). A principal característica do MEC é fornecer computação móvel, armazenamento e recursos de rede na extremidade da rede, permitindo que terminais móveis com recursos limitados tenham acesso a aplicações exigentes em termos de latência e computação. Na presente tese, é apresentada uma solução de arquitetura MEC, que suporta ligações a redes de acesso heterogéneas, servindo de plataforma para a implementação de serviços. Alguns cenários MEC foram aplicados e avaliados na plataforma proposta, de forma a demonstrar as vantagens da implementação MEC. Os resultados demonstram que a plataforma proposta é significativamente mais rápida na execução computação intensiva, maioritariamente devido à baixa latência, quando comparado com os tradicionais datacenters centralizados, resultando numa poupança de energia e redução de tráfego no backhaul.Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicaçõe

Dynamic spectrum management with network function virtualization for UAV communication

Rapid increases in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) applications are attributed to severe spectrum collision issues, especially when UAVs operate in spectrum scarce environments, such as urban areas. Dynamic air-to-ground (A2G) link solutions can mitigate this issue by utilizing programmable communication hardware in the air and real-time assignment of spectrum resources to achieve high-throughput and low-latency connectivity between UAVs and operators. To mitigate the high-computation issue among ground control station (GCS) networks and provide a broad communication coverage for large number of UAVs, we propose an advanced UAV A2G communication solution integrated with the dynamic spectrum management (DSM) and network function virtualization (NFV) technology to serve urban operations. The edge-cutting UAV communication technologies are surveyed. The proposed scheme is discussed in terms of the high-level system architecture, virtual network architecture, specific virtual functions (SVFs), and affiliated operation support databases. Some major research challenges are highlighted and the possible directions of future research are identified

Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks From 5G to 6G: A Survey

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) traditionally have certain limited applications. However, the recent technological advancements and manufacturing cost reduction opened up myriad applications of NTNs for 5G and beyond networks, especially when integrated into terrestrial networks (TNs). This article comprehensively surveys the evolution of NTNs highlighting their relevance to 5G networks and essentially, how it will play a pivotal role in the development of 6G ecosystem. We discuss important features of NTNs integration into TNs and the synergies by delving into the new range of services and use cases, various architectures, technological enablers, and higher layer aspects pertinent to NTNs integration. Moreover, we review the corresponding challenges arising from the technical peculiarities and the new approaches being adopted to develop efficient integrated ground-air-space (GAS) networks. Our survey further includes the major progress and outcomes from academic research as well as industrial efforts representing the main industrial trends, field trials, and prototyping towards the 6G networks

Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks From 5G to 6G: A Survey

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) traditionally have certain limited applications. However, the recent technological advancements and manufacturing cost reduction opened up myriad applications of NTNs for 5G and beyond networks, especially when integrated into terrestrial networks (TNs). This article comprehensively surveys the evolution of NTNs highlighting their relevance to 5G networks and essentially, how it will play a pivotal role in the development of 6G ecosystem. We discuss important features of NTNs integration into TNs and the synergies by delving into the new range of services and use cases, various architectures, technological enablers, and higher layer aspects pertinent to NTNs integration. Moreover, we review the corresponding challenges arising from the technical peculiarities and the new approaches being adopted to develop efficient integrated ground-air-space (GAS) networks. Our survey further includes the major progress and outcomes from academic research as well as industrial efforts representing the main industrial trends, field trials, and prototyping towards the 6G networks

Toward a UTM-based service orchestration for UAVs in MEC-NFV environment

Abstract The increased use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in numerous domains, will result in high traffic densities in the low-altitude airspace. Consequently, UAVs Traffic Management (UTM) systems that allow the integration of UAVs in the low-altitude airspace are gaining a lot of momentum. Furthermore, the 5th generation of mobile networks (5G) will most likely provide the underlying support for UTM systems by providing connectivity to UAVs, enabling the control, tracking and communication with remote applications and services. However, UAVs may need to communicate with services with different communication Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, ranging form best-effort services to Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) services. Indeed, 5G can ensure efficient Quality of Service (QoS) enhancements using new technologies, such as network slicing and Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC). In this context, Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is considered as one of the pillars of 5G systems, by providing a QoS-aware Management and Orchestration (MANO) of softwarized services across cloud and MEC platforms. The MANO process of UAV’s services can be enhanced further using the information provided by the UTM system, such as the UAVs’ flight plans. In this paper, we propose an extended framework for the management and orchestration of UAVs’ services in MECNFV environment by combining the functionalities provided by the MEC-NFV management and orchestration framework with the functionalities of a UTM system. Moreover, we propose an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model of the placement scheme of our framework and we evaluate its performances. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions in achieving its design goals