66 research outputs found
A new approach to nonrepetitive sequences
A sequence is nonrepetitive if it does not contain two adjacent identical
blocks. The remarkable construction of Thue asserts that 3 symbols are enough
to build an arbitrarily long nonrepetitive sequence. It is still not settled
whether the following extension holds: for every sequence of 3-element sets
there exists a nonrepetitive sequence with
. Applying the probabilistic method one can prove that this is true
for sufficiently large sets . We present an elementary proof that sets of
size 4 suffice (confirming the best known bound). The argument is a simple
counting with Catalan numbers involved. Our approach is inspired by a new
algorithmic proof of the Lov\'{a}sz Local Lemma due to Moser and Tardos and its
interpretations by Fortnow and Tao. The presented method has further
applications to nonrepetitive games and nonrepetitive colorings of graphs.Comment: 5 pages, no figures.arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1103.381
Flexible List Colorings in Graphs with Special Degeneracy Conditions
For a given , we say that a graph is
-flexibly -choosable if the following holds: for any assignment
of color lists of size on , if a preferred color from a list is
requested at any set of vertices, then at least of these
requests are satisfied by some -coloring. We consider the question of
flexible choosability in several graph classes with certain degeneracy
conditions. We characterize the graphs of maximum degree that are
-flexibly -choosable for some , which answers a question of Dvo\v{r}\'ak, Norin, and
Postle [List coloring with requests, JGT 2019]. In particular, we show that for
any , any graph of maximum degree that is not isomorphic
to is -flexibly -choosable. Our
fraction of is within a constant factor of being the best
possible. We also show that graphs of treewidth are -flexibly
-choosable, answering a question of Choi et al.~[arXiv 2020], and we give
conditions for list assignments by which graphs of treewidth are
-flexibly -choosable. We show furthermore that graphs of
treedepth are -flexibly -choosable. Finally, we introduce a
notion of flexible degeneracy, which strengthens flexible choosability, and we
show that apart from a well-understood class of exceptions, 3-connected
non-regular graphs of maximum degree are flexibly -degenerate.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure
Defective and Clustered Graph Colouring
Consider the following two ways to colour the vertices of a graph where the
requirement that adjacent vertices get distinct colours is relaxed. A colouring
has "defect" if each monochromatic component has maximum degree at most
. A colouring has "clustering" if each monochromatic component has at
most vertices. This paper surveys research on these types of colourings,
where the first priority is to minimise the number of colours, with small
defect or small clustering as a secondary goal. List colouring variants are
also considered. The following graph classes are studied: outerplanar graphs,
planar graphs, graphs embeddable in surfaces, graphs with given maximum degree,
graphs with given maximum average degree, graphs excluding a given subgraph,
graphs with linear crossing number, linklessly or knotlessly embeddable graphs,
graphs with given Colin de Verdi\`ere parameter, graphs with given
circumference, graphs excluding a fixed graph as an immersion, graphs with
given thickness, graphs with given stack- or queue-number, graphs excluding
as a minor, graphs excluding as a minor, and graphs excluding
an arbitrary graph as a minor. Several open problems are discussed.Comment: This is a preliminary version of a dynamic survey to be published in
the Electronic Journal of Combinatoric
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