Electric Hybrid Powertrain for Armored Vehicles

The performance of modern, new generation-armored vehicles would greatly benefit from overall engineering, optimization, and integration techniques of advanced diesel engines-electrified transmissions. Modern axial flux electric motors and controllers are perfectly able to replace the classical automatic gearbox and complex steering system of traditional Main Battle Tanks. This study shows a possible design of a serial hybrid electric power pack for very heavy tanks with a weight well over 50 tons. The result is a hybrid power system that improves the overall performance of armored vehicles off-road and on-road, improving the acceleration and the smoothness of the ride. In addition, fuel consumption will be reduced because the internal combustion engine operates at fixed rpm. The electric motors will outperform the traditional engines due to their very high torque output even at “zero speed”. The weight of a hybrid system has also been calculated. In fact, in many cases, it is possible to use all off-the-shelf components. The on-board diagnosis of the subsystems in the hybrid powertrain makes it possible to achieve a Time Between Overhaul (TBO) of 4500 h with a failure probability inferior to one in 10,000

Open-Phase Fault Operation on Multiphase Induction Motor Drives

Multiphase machines have been recognized in the last few years like an attractive alternative to conventional three-phase ones. This is due to their usefulness in a niche of applications where the reduction in the total power per phase and, mainly, the high overall system reliability and the ability of using the multiphase machine in faulty conditions are required. Electric vehicle and railway traction, all-electric ships, more-electric aircraft or wind power generation systems are examples of up-to-date real applications using multiphase machines, most of them taking advantage of the ability of continuing the operation in faulty conditions. Between the available multiphase machines, symmetrical five-phase induction machines are probably one of the most frequently considered multiphase machines in recent research. However, other multiphase machines have also been used in the last few years due to the development of more powerful microprocessors. This chapter analyzes the behavior of generic n-phase machines (being n any odd number higher than 3) in faulty operation (considering the most common faulty operation, i.e. the open-phase fault). The obtained results will be then particularized to the 5-phase case, where some simulation and experimental results will be presented to show the behavior of the entire system in healthy and faulty conditions. The chapter will be organized as follows: First, the different faults in a multiphase machine are analyzed. Fault conditions are detailed and explained, and the interest of a multiphase machine in the management of faults is stated. The effect of the open-phase fault operation in the machine model is then studied. A generic n-phase machine is considered, being n any odd number greater than three. The analysis is afterwards particularized to the 5-phase machine, where the open-phase fault condition is managed using different control methods and the obtained results are compared. Finally, the conclusions are presented in the last section of the chapter

Preliminary power train design for a state-of-the-art electric vehicle

The state-of-the-art (SOTA) of electric vehicles built since 1965 was reviewed to establish a base for the preliminary design of a power train for a SOTA electric vehicle. The performance of existing electric vehicles were evaluated to establish preliminary specifications for a power train design using state-of-the-art technology and commercially available components. Power train components were evaluated and selected using a computer simulation of the SAE J227a Schedule D driving cycle. Predicted range was determined for a number of motor and controller combinations in conjunction with the mechanical elements of power trains and a battery pack of sixteen lead-acid batteries - 471.7 kg at 0.093 MJ/Kg (1040 lbs. at 11.7 Whr/lb). On the basis of maximum range and overall system efficiency using the Schedule D cycle, an induction motor and 3 phase inverter/controller was selected as the optimum combination when used with a two-speed transaxle and steel belted radial tires. The predicted Schedule D range is 90.4 km (56.2 mi). Four near term improvements to the SOTA were identified, evaluated, and predicted to increase range approximately 7%

Open-phase fault operation on multiphase induction 3 motor drives

Hugo Guzman, Ignacio Gonzalez, Federico Barrero and Mario Durán (2015). Open-Phase Fault Operation on Multiphase Induction Motor Drives, Induction Motors - Applications, Control and Fault Diagnostics, Dr. Raul Gregor (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-2207-4, InTech, DOI: 10.5772/60810. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/induction-motors-applications-control-and-fault-diagnostics/open-phase-fault-operation-on-multiphase-induction-motor-drivesMultiphase machines have been recognized in the last few years like an attractive alternative to conventional three-phase ones. This is due to their usefulness in a niche of applications where the reduction in the total power per phase and, mainly, the high overall system reliability and the ability of using the multiphase machine in faulty conditions are required. Electric vehicle and railway traction, all-electric ships, more-electric aircraft or wind power generation systems are examples of up-to-date real applications using multiphase machines, most of them taking advantage of the ability of continuing the operation in faulty conditions. Between the available multiphase machines, symmetrical five-phase induction machines are probably one of the most frequently considered multiphase machines in recent research. However, other multiphase machines have also been used in the last few years due to the development of more powerful microprocessors. This chapter analyzes the behavior of generic n-phase machines (beingn any odd number higher than 3) in faulty operation (considering the most common faulty operation, i.e. the open phase fault). The obtained results will be then particularized to the 5-phase case, where some simulation and experimental results will be presented to show the behavior of the entire system in healthy and faulty conditions. The chapter will be organized as follows: First, the different faults in a multiphase machine are analyzed. Fault conditions are de tailed and explained, and the interest of a multiphase machine in the management of faults is stated. The effect of the open-phase fault operation in the machine model is then studied. A generic n-phase machine is considered, being n any odd number greater than three. The analysis is afterwards particularized to the 5-phase machine, where the open phase fault condition is managed using different control methods and the obtained results are compared. Finally, the conclusions are presented in the last section of the chapter

Fuzzy Logic Controller for PMSM

Dual motor drives designs are attractive for high power application because of their mechanical simplicity, traction and regenerative braking control on low friction surfaces. However, such configurations normally require two power inverters with coordinated control. The high cost and large size of packaging needs of the inverters make such dual inverter, dual motor drive configurations are economically less competitive. Therefore, the need for dual motor drives fed by single inverter rising consequently to reduce sizes and costs with respect to the single motor drives, either in industrial or in traction application. This paper aims to investigate the behavior of dual motor drives fed by single inverter using averaging technique MATLAB/Simulink has been chosen as the simulation tools

Vector Control Drive Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based Dsspace DS1103 Implementation

This paper presented a vector controlled drives of permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) by using Proportional-Integral (PI) Speed controller based dSPACE implementation. The concept of vector control is applied to PMSM to obtain linear dynamics similar to that of a DC motor. The model consist of two control loops, hysteresis current controller is used for inner loop current control and PI controller for outer loop speed control. PI speed controller selected due to simplicity compare to fuzzy, neutral etc. to make sure dSPACE DS1103 successfully implemented. The PMSM vector control algorithm for a theoretical basic has been verified by experimental results and created a rapid control prototype environment by using MATLAB/ Simulink and the DS1103 DSP of dSPACE

Performance Comparison of Field-oriented Control, Direct Torque Control, and Model-predictive Control for SynRMs

Simulation studies of three synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) control strategies are presented: field-oriented control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC), and finite-set model-predictive control (FS-MPC). FOC uses linear controllers and pulse-width modulation to control the fundamental components of the load voltages vectors. In contrast, DTC and FS-MPC are nonlinear strategies wherein the voltage vectors are directly generated in the absence of a modulator. Theoretical operating principles and control structures of these control strategies are presented. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the static and dynamic performance of the control strategies is conducted using Matlab/Simulink to identify their advantages and limitations. It is confirmed that each of the control strategies has merits and that all three of them satisfy the requirements of modern high-performance drives.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Vector Controlled Drives Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Pi Speed Controller For Long Cable Application

This paper present a vector controlled drives of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) by using Proportional-Integral (PI) Speed controller for long cable application. As known, long cable caused an over voltage problem at motor terminal and could be double from the pulse output voltage at inverter terminal. This caused instability of the speed performances. PI speed controller is implemented to drive a PMSM with different cables length to investigated the speed performances, load disturbances and parameter variations of the system. Hysteresis current controller is used for inner loop current control and PI controller for outer loop speed control. Simulation results are provided to show performances on different cable length driving a PMSM

Application of Model Predictive Control in Modular Multilevel Converter for MTPA Operation and SOC Balancing

In this thesis, a one-step horizon model predictive control strategy (MPC) is implemented in a multilevel modular converter (MMC) to control the speed of an electric vehicle (EV) motor. Maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) and field weakening (FW) control strategies are used to generate reference signals for maximum torque output. The proposed control scheme aims to track the reference signal by independently regulating voltages from the MMC modules. To achieve this, the switches of the MMCs are directly controlled, eliminating the need for a pulse width modulator. A one-step horizon implementation of MPC ensures the robustness of the control system by making the real-time implementation possible. It leads to favorable performance under asymmetrical loads. The phase voltage is supplied to the motor through the MMC architecture which is composed of a large number of battery cells connected in series to supply the motor drive. Due to the non-identical characteristics of the battery, the state of charge (SOC) and the terminal voltage of the cells vary significantly at different operating conditions. The given control scheme is also incorporating a voltage balancing property that ensures the terminal voltages of all the battery cells in the MMC architecture are equalized. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of this control strategy and hardware is under development to validate the system performance