162,873 research outputs found
Studying Spread Patterns of COVID-19 based on Spatiotemporal Data
The current COVID-19 epidemic have transformed every aspect of our lives, especially our behavior and routines. These changes have been drastically impacting the economy in each region, such as local restaurants and transportation systems. With massive amounts of ambient data being collected everywhere, we now can develop innovative algorithms to have a much greater understanding of epidemic spread patterns of COVID-19 based on spatiotemporal data. The findings will open up the possibility to design adaptive planning or scheduling systems that will help preventing the spread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
In this tutorial, we will review the trending state-of-theart machine learning techniques to model epidemic spread patterns with spatiotemporal data. These techniques are organized from two aspects: (1) providing a comprehensive review of recent studies about human routine behavior modeling, such as inverse reinforcement learning and graph neural network, and the impacts of behaviors on the spread patterns of infectious diseases based on GPS data; (2) introducing the existing literature on using remote sensing data to monitor the spatiotemporal pattern of the epidemic spread. Under current epidemic with unknown lasting time, we believe that modeling the spread patterns of COVID-19 epidemic is an important topic that will benefit to researchers and practitioners from both academia and industry
Prestige drives epistemic inequality in the diffusion of scientific ideas
The spread of ideas in the scientific community is often viewed as a
competition, in which good ideas spread further because of greater intrinsic
fitness, and publication venue and citation counts correlate with importance
and impact. However, relatively little is known about how structural factors
influence the spread of ideas, and specifically how where an idea originates
might influence how it spreads. Here, we investigate the role of faculty hiring
networks, which embody the set of researcher transitions from doctoral to
faculty institutions, in shaping the spread of ideas in computer science, and
the importance of where in the network an idea originates. We consider
comprehensive data on the hiring events of 5032 faculty at all 205
Ph.D.-granting departments of computer science in the U.S. and Canada, and on
the timing and titles of 200,476 associated publications. Analyzing five
popular research topics, we show empirically that faculty hiring can and does
facilitate the spread of ideas in science. Having established such a mechanism,
we then analyze its potential consequences using epidemic models to simulate
the generic spread of research ideas and quantify the impact of where an idea
originates on its longterm diffusion across the network. We find that research
from prestigious institutions spreads more quickly and completely than work of
similar quality originating from less prestigious institutions. Our analyses
establish the theoretical trade-offs between university prestige and the
quality of ideas necessary for efficient circulation. Our results establish
faculty hiring as an underlying mechanism that drives the persistent epistemic
advantage observed for elite institutions, and provide a theoretical lower
bound for the impact of structural inequality in shaping the spread of ideas in
science.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl
Can epidemic models describe the diffusion of topics across disciplines?
This paper introduces a new approach to describe the spread of research topics across disciplines using epidemic models. The approach is based on applying individual-based models from mathematical epidemiology to the diffusion of a research topic over a contact network that represents knowledge flows over the map of science—as obtained from citations between ISI Subject Categories. Using research publications on the protein class kinesin as a case study, we report a better fit between model and empirical data when using the citation-based contact network. Incubation periods on the order of 4–15.5 years support the view that, whilst research topics may grow very quickly, they face difficulties to overcome disciplinary boundaries
Emergence, Evolution and Scaling of Online Social Networks
This work was partially supported by AFOSR under Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0083, NSF under Grant No. CDI-1026710, NSF of China under Grants Nos. 61473060 and 11275003, and NBRPC under Grant No. 2010CB731403. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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