A classification of emerging and traditional grid systems

The grid has evolved in numerous distinct phases. It started in the early ’90s as a model of metacomputing in which supercomputers share resources; subsequently, researchers added the ability to share data. This is usually referred to as the first-generation grid. By the late ’90s, researchers had outlined the framework for second-generation grids, characterized by their use of grid middleware systems to “glue” different grid technologies together. Third-generation grids originated in the early millennium when Web technology was combined with second-generation grids. As a result, the invisible grid, in which grid complexity is fully hidden through resource virtualization, started receiving attention. Subsequently, grid researchers identified the requirement for semantically rich knowledge grids, in which middleware technologies are more intelligent and autonomic. Recently, the necessity for grids to support and extend the ambient intelligence vision has emerged. In AmI, humans are surrounded by computing technologies that are unobtrusively embedded in their surroundings. However, third-generation grids’ current architecture doesn’t meet the requirements of next-generation grids (NGG) and service-oriented knowledge utility (SOKU).4 A few years ago, a group of independent experts, arranged by the European Commission, identified these shortcomings as a way to identify potential European grid research priorities for 2010 and beyond. The experts envision grid systems’ information, knowledge, and processing capabilities as a set of utility services.3 Consequently, new grid systems are emerging to materialize these visions. Here, we review emerging grids and classify them to motivate further research and help establish a solid foundation in this rapidly evolving area

Cuypers : a semi-automatic hypermedia generation system

The report describes the architecture of emph{Cuypers, a system supporting second and third generation Web-based multimedia. First generation Web-content encodes information in handwritten (HTML) Web pages. Second generation Web content generates HTML pages on demand, e.g. by filling in templates with content retrieved dynamically from a database or transformation of structured documents using style sheets (e.g. XSLT). Third generation Web pages will make use of rich markup (e.g. XML) along with metadata (e.g. RDF) schemes to make the content not only machine readable but also machine processable --- a necessary pre-requisite to the emph{Semantic Web. While text-based content on the Web is already rapidly approaching the third generation, multimedia content is still trying to catch up with second generation techniques. Multimedia document processing has a number of fundamentally different requirements from text which make it more difficult to incorporate within the document processing chain. In particular, multimedia transformation uses different document and presentation abstractions, its formatting rules cannot be based on text-flow, it requires feedback from the formatting back-end and is hard to describe in the functional style of current style languages. We state the requirements for second generation processing of multimedia and describe how these have been incorporated in our prototype multimedia document transformation environment, emph{Cuypers. The system overcomes a number of the restrictions of the text-flow based tool sets by integrating a number of conceptually distinct processing steps in a single runtime execution environment. We describe the need for these different processing steps and describe them in turn (semantic structure, communicative device, qualitative constraints, quantitative constraints, final form presentation), and illustrate our approach by means of an example. We conclude by discussing the models and techniques required for the creation of third generation multimedia content

A business model for a sensors-enabled IMS environment

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is one of the key components of third generation (3G) networks, while Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an emerging type of networks formed by a set of distributed sensor nodes that collaborate to monitor physical and environmental conditions. By integrating the sensing capabilities of WSNs in the IMS, a rich set of contextual information can be exploited to provide new and personalized multimedia services to IMS users. We have previously proposed a presence-based WSNs/IMS integration architecture, and discussed its design and implementation aspects. In this paper, we focus on the aspects needed for the practical deployment of this architecture. An enhanced IMS business model is proposed for the resulting sensors-enabled IMS environment, and several important support functions are elaborated, including: a two-level identification scheme, a charging model, security and information access control mechanisms, as well as WSN gateways\u27 dynamic discovery alternatives. © 2012 IEEE

Enhancing the 3GPP V2X architecture with information-centric networking

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications allow a vehicle to interact with other vehicles and with communication parties in its vicinity (e.g., road-side units, pedestrian users, etc.) with the primary goal of making the driving and traveling experience safer, smarter and more comfortable. A wide set of V2X-tailored specifications have been identified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) with focus on the design of architecture enhancements and a flexible air interface to ensure ultra-low latency, highly reliable and high-throughput connectivity as the ultimate aim. This paper discusses the potential of leveraging Information-Centric Networking (ICN) principles in the 3GPP architecture for V2X communications. We consider Named Data Networking (NDN) as reference ICN architecture and elaborate on the specific design aspects, required changes and enhancements in the 3GPP V2X architecture to enable NDN-based data exchange as an alternative/complementary solution to traditional IP networking, which barely matches the dynamics of vehicular environments. Results are provided to showcase the performance improvements of the NDN-based proposal in disseminating content requests over the cellular network against a traditional networking solution119sem informaçãosem informaçã

Applying Maniotes’ third space in guided inquiry model as a theoretical framework to understand architectural students’ information behaviour : a quantitative approach

Idea generation and inspiration are important in creative tasks. This article reports on descriptive quantitative results from an exploratory study conducted in 2016 on the creative tasks and the personal information preferences of 23 third-year architecture students at a South African university. Maniotes’ third space in guided inquiry model served as the theoretical framework. A profile questionnaire and individual interviews were used to collect data. Findings cover information use and preferences for information sources (e.g. books, search engines, conference papers and strangers) that can inspire idea generation during creative tasks, such as architectural design. Librarians were of less value than peers, lecturers and family members in inspiring creative ideas. Recommendations focus on the role of academic libraries.http://www.ajol.info/index.php/innovationam2018Information Scienc

TECHNIQUES TO FACILITATE SELECTION OF NEXT HOP NRF IN A HIERARCHICAL NETWORK REPOSITORY FUNCTION (NRF) DEPLOYMENT IN 5G NETWORKS

When a Fifth Generation (5G) Network Repository Function (NRF) deployed in a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) hierarchical model architecture receives a Network Function (NF) Discovery or Subscription or Access Token request, the NRF may not have the required information to serve the request on account of the information being divided among multiple NRF instances in the network. In such cases, the NRF instance that receives the request from a consumer NF may choose to forward or redirect the request to another NRF instance in the hierarchy. The conditions and policies to decide when to redirect or forward the request to another NRF are not defined by 3GPP. Further, the procedures and policies for selecting the next hop NRF are left to implementation. This is a major gap in 3GPP standards as an NRF at each hierarchical level needs rules to determine whether it can serve a request locally or needs to forward/redirect the request to another NRF instance in the hierarchy. This proposal involves defining a granular, flexible and policy-driven system for NRF selection and message routing between hierarchical NRFs to minimize latency and signaling overhead