Prototypical Arm Motions from Human Demonstration for Upper-Limb Prosthetic Device Control

Controlling a complex upper limb prosthesis, akin to a healthy arm, is still an open challenge due to the inadequate number of inputs available to amputees. Designs have therefore largely focused on a limited number of controllable degrees of freedom, developing a complex hand and grasp functionality rather than the wrist. This thesis investigates joint coordination based on human demonstrations that aims to vastly simplify the controls of wrist, elbow-wrist, and shoulder-elbow wrist devices.The wide range of motions performed by the human arm during daily tasks makes it desirable to find representative subsets to reduce the dimensionality of these movements for a variety of applications, including the design and control of robotic and prosthetic devices. Here I present the results of an extensive human subjects study and two methods that were used to obtain representative categories of arm use that span naturalistic motions during activities of daily living. First, I sought to identify sets of prototypical upper-limb motions that are functions of a single variable, allowing, for instance, an entire prosthetic or robotic arm to be controlled with a single input from a user, along with a means to select between motions for different tasks. Second, I decouple the orientation from the location of the hand and analyze the hand location in three ways and orientation in three reference frames. Both of these analyses are an application of data driven approaches that reduce the wide range of hand and arm use to a smaller representative set. Together these provide insight into our arm usage in daily life and inform an implementation in prosthetic or robotic devices without the need for additional hardware. To demonstrate the control efficacy of prototypical arm motions in upper-limb prosthetic devices, I developed an immersive virtual reality environment where able-bodied participants tested out different devices and controls. I coined prototypical arm motion control as trajectory control, and I found that as device complexity increased from 3 DOF wrist to 4 DOF elbow-wrist and 7 DOF shoulder-elbow-wrist, it enables users to complete tasks faster with a more intuitive interface without additional body compensation, while featuring better movement cosmesis when compared to standard controls

Cerebral Palsy

Nowadays, cerebral palsy (CP) rehabilitation, along with medical and surgical interventions in children with CP, leads to better motor and postural control and can ensure ambulation and functional independence. In achieving these improvements, many modern practices may be used, such as comprehensive multidisciplinary assessment, clinical decision making, multilevel surgery, botulinum toxin applications, robotic ambulation applications, treadmill, and other walking aids to increase the quality and endurance of walking. Trainings are based on neurodevelopmental therapy, muscle training and strength applications, adaptive equipment and orthotics, communication, technological solves, and many others beyond the scope of this book. In the years of clinical and academic experiences, children with cerebral palsy have shown us that the world needs a book to give clinical knowledge to health professionals regarding these important issue. This book is an attempt to fulfill and to give “current steps” about CP. The book is intended for use by physicians, therapists, and allied health professionals who treat/rehabilitate children with CP. We focus on the recent concepts in the treatment of body and structure problems and describe the associated disability, providing suggestions for further reading. All authors presented the most frequently used and accepted treatment methods with scientifically proven efficacy and included references at the end of each chapter