10,867 research outputs found
Teacher Candidates as Writers: What is the Relationship Between Writing Experiences and Pedagogical Practice
Both teacher candidates (TCs) and practicing teachers are asked to engage in personal writing experiences as means of learning about writing instruction. Yet, research on the relationship between writing and teaching writing provides variable, sometimes contradictory, results. This study investigated the relationship between TCsâ experiences writing a personal narrative in an undergraduate teacher education course and how they read and respond to a second graderâs personal narrative. Results indicate that, initially, many TCs did not draw on their writing experiences to inform how they analyzed, interpreted, and responded to the studentâs composition. However, when specifically prompted to think about their writing experiences in the course, 89% were able to notice features in the childâs writing that they had learned to include in their own writing. The authors offer a theoretical framework to explain the results and argue that the framework could be used to guide writing teacher educators as they design writing experiences for teacher candidates. This study provides insights into teachers as writers and how writing experiences impact teachers candidatesâ writing pedagogy
The Evolution of Concentrated Ownership in India Broad patterns and a History of the Indian Software Industry
As in many countries (Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Italy, Sweden), concentrated ownership is a ubiquitous feature of the Indian private sector over the past seven decades. Yet, unlike in most countries, the identity of the primary families responsible for the concentrated ownership changes dramatically over time, perhaps even more than it does in the U.S. during the same time period. It does not appear that concentrated ownership in India is entirely associated with the ills that the literature has recently ascribed to concentrated ownership in emerging markets. If the concentrated owners are not exclusively, or even primarily, engaged in rent-seeking and entry-deterring behavior, concentrated ownership may not be inimical to competition. Indeed, as a response to competition, we argue that at least some Indian families the concentrated owners in question have consistently tried to use their business group structures to launch new ventures. In the process they have either failed hence the turnover in identity or reinvented themselves. Thus concentrated ownership is a result, rather than a cause, of inefficiencies in capital markets. Even in the low capital-intensity, relatively unregulated setting of the Indian software industry, we find that concentrated ownership persists in a privately successful and socially useful way. Since this setting is the least hospitable to the existence of concentrated ownership, we interpret our findings as a lower bound on the persistence of concentrated ownership in the economy at large.
The Iliadâs big swoon: a case of innovation within the epic tradition
In book 5 of the Iliad Sarpedon suffers so greatly from a wound that his ââĎĎ
ĎÎŽ leaves himâ. Rather than dying, however, Sarpedon lives to fight another day. This paper investigates the phrase Ďὸν δὲ ΝίĎÎľ ĎĎ
ĎÎŽ in extant archaic Greek poetry to gain a sense of its traditional referentiality and better assess the meaning of Sarpedonâs swoon. Finding that all other instances of the ĎĎ
ĎÎŽ leaving the body signify death, it suggests that the Iliad exploits a traditional unit of utterance to flag up the importance of Sarpedon to this version of the Troy story
Scalable Tensor Factorizations for Incomplete Data
The problem of incomplete data - i.e., data with missing or unknown values -
in multi-way arrays is ubiquitous in biomedical signal processing, network
traffic analysis, bibliometrics, social network analysis, chemometrics,
computer vision, communication networks, etc. We consider the problem of how to
factorize data sets with missing values with the goal of capturing the
underlying latent structure of the data and possibly reconstructing missing
values (i.e., tensor completion). We focus on one of the most well-known tensor
factorizations that captures multi-linear structure, CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP). In
the presence of missing data, CP can be formulated as a weighted least squares
problem that models only the known entries. We develop an algorithm called
CP-WOPT (CP Weighted OPTimization) that uses a first-order optimization
approach to solve the weighted least squares problem. Based on extensive
numerical experiments, our algorithm is shown to successfully factorize tensors
with noise and up to 99% missing data. A unique aspect of our approach is that
it scales to sparse large-scale data, e.g., 1000 x 1000 x 1000 with five
million known entries (0.5% dense). We further demonstrate the usefulness of
CP-WOPT on two real-world applications: a novel EEG (electroencephalogram)
application where missing data is frequently encountered due to disconnections
of electrodes and the problem of modeling computer network traffic where data
may be absent due to the expense of the data collection process
How binding are legal limits? Transitions from temporary to permanent work in Spain
This paper studies the duration pattern of âŚxed-term contracts and the determinants of their conversion into permanent ones in Spain, where the share of âŚxed-term employment is the highest in Europe. We estimate a duration model for temporary employment, with competing risks of terminating into permanent employment versus alternative states, and âĄexible duration dependence. We âŚnd that conversion rates are generally below 10%. Our estimated conversion rates roughly increase with tenure, with a pronounced spike at the legal limit, when there is no legal way to retain the worker on a temporary contract. We argue that estimated di¤erences in conversion rates across categories of workers can stem from di¤erences in worker outside options and thus the power to credibly threat to quit temporary jobs.Fixed-term contracts, duration models
Using Machine Learning to Predict the Evolution of Physics Research
The advancement of science as outlined by Popper and Kuhn is largely
qualitative, but with bibliometric data it is possible and desirable to develop
a quantitative picture of scientific progress. Furthermore it is also important
to allocate finite resources to research topics that have growth potential, to
accelerate the process from scientific breakthroughs to technological
innovations. In this paper, we address this problem of quantitative knowledge
evolution by analysing the APS publication data set from 1981 to 2010. We build
the bibliographic coupling and co-citation networks, use the Louvain method to
detect topical clusters (TCs) in each year, measure the similarity of TCs in
consecutive years, and visualize the results as alluvial diagrams. Having the
predictive features describing a given TC and its known evolution in the next
year, we can train a machine learning model to predict future changes of TCs,
i.e., their continuing, dissolving, merging and splitting. We found the number
of papers from certain journals, the degree, closeness, and betweenness to be
the most predictive features. Additionally, betweenness increases significantly
for merging events, and decreases significantly for splitting events. Our
results represent a first step from a descriptive understanding of the Science
of Science (SciSci), towards one that is ultimately prescriptive.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, supplementary information is include
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