Performance Evaluation of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks using simulation tools

Recent studies demonstrate that the routing protocol performances in vehicular networks can improve using dynamic information on the traffic conditions. WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) and VANETs (Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks) are exactly related with this statement and represent the trend of wireless networks research program in the last years. In this context, a new type of network has been developed: in fact, HSVN (Hybrid Sensor and Vehicular Network) let WSNs and VANETs cooperate through dynamic information data exchanges with the aim to improve road safety, and especially to warn the driver and the co-pilot of any event occurred in the road ahead, such as traffic jam, accidents or bad weather. The results will be immediate: less accidents means more saved lives, less traffic means a pollution decrease, and from the technological point of view, this communication protocol will open the door to attractive services, such as downloading of multimedia services or internet browsing, that means easier, safer and more comfortable trips. It is out of doubt that speaking about cars and road technology developments, the market and the interests about this field increase exponentially. Recent projects such as CVIS [1] and COMeSafety [2], focused on improving the road driving, and are the concrete demonstration that this entire context can get soon very close to reality. Owing to their peculiar characteristics, VANETs require the definition of specific networking techniques, whose feasibility and performance are usually tested by means of simulation. Starting from this point, this project will present a HSVN platform, and will also introduce and evaluate a communication protocol between VANETs and WSNs using the NCTUns 6.0 [3] simulator. We will particularly analyze the performances of 2 types of Scenarios developed during our project. Both of them are in an urban context, but we will extract different useful results analyzing the packet losses, the throughput and the end-to-end packet delay

A survey of performance enhancement of transmission control protocol (TCP) in wireless ad hoc networks

This Article is provided by the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund - Copyright @ 2011 Springer OpenTransmission control protocol (TCP), which provides reliable end-to-end data delivery, performs well in traditional wired network environments, while in wireless ad hoc networks, it does not perform well. Compared to wired networks, wireless ad hoc networks have some specific characteristics such as node mobility and a shared medium. Owing to these specific characteristics of wireless ad hoc networks, TCP faces particular problems with, for example, route failure, channel contention and high bit error rates. These factors are responsible for the performance degradation of TCP in wireless ad hoc networks. The research community has produced a wide range of proposals to improve the performance of TCP in wireless ad hoc networks. This article presents a survey of these proposals (approaches). A classification of TCP improvement proposals for wireless ad hoc networks is presented, which makes it easy to compare the proposals falling under the same category. Tables which summarize the approaches for quick overview are provided. Possible directions for further improvements in this area are suggested in the conclusions. The aim of the article is to enable the reader to quickly acquire an overview of the state of TCP in wireless ad hoc networks.This study is partly funded by Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Pakistan, and the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan

Performance of Ad-Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector Discovery Algorithms Based On Packet Lifetime

Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is a reactive protocol in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). AODV uses a distance or hop count for determining the best forwarding path and store the sequence number at table entry to ensure the path information is up-to-date. Although the AODV is a better performance compare to other proactive and reactive routing protocol in MANET, this routing still has a limitation and can to be improved. In this research, two algorithms that enhanced the original AODV are proposed. The first algorithm focuses on the AODV route table update management. The combination metrics of the lifetime and the sequence number in the table entry is used to solve the problem of the discarded active path information when the lifetime is expired. From the performance analysis, the proposed algorithm is successful to enhance the original AODV based on the performance of delay, overhead, packet delivery ratio and packet loss ratio. The second proposed algorithm is focused on the AODV route discovery. On the original AODV, packets will be allowed to rebroadcast the packet with a minimal lifetime. This will cause an unnecessary packets are discarded from the broadcasting. To solve this problem, Lifetime Ratio (LR) is proposed to reduce the unnecessary packets rebroadcast until it reaches the destination nodes. Based on the performance analysis, LR algorithm enhances the performance of the overhead, packet delivery ratio and packet loss ratio. The performance analysis of the proposed algorithms was conducted by using the discrete-event simulator, OMNeT++. The simulator was used to simulate the mobility environment and the Open System Interconnections (OSI) layers utilized in wireless simulation. To compare the performance between the original AODV and the proposed algorithms, the performance metrics are based on delay, overhead, packet delivery ratio, packet loss ratio and throughput. From the extensive simulations based on the performance metrics, the two proposed algorithms have shown distinct improvement and subsequently enhancing the performance of AODV

Designing and implementing a GPS-based vehicle navigation application for Eclipse Kuksa

Abstract. With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), connected cars are rapidly becoming an essential milestone in the design of intelligent transportation systems and a key element in smart city design. Connected cars use a three-layer client-connection-cloud architecture, and car sensors are located at the client layer. This architecture provides the driver with a large amount of data about the external environment, which reduces the number of traffic accidents and helps the car drive safely. Driving safety is the most critical design factor for next-generation vehicles. The future vision of the automotive industry is self-driving cars. However, it faces some challenges. Eclipse Kuksa provides solutions to challenges in the field of connected cars. A comprehensive ecosystem includes a complete tool stack for connected vehicles, including a vehicle platform, a cloud platform, and an application development Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Its essential function is to collect, store, and analyze vehicle data and transmit various information in the cloud. This master’s thesis aims to investigate a Global Positioning System (GPS) -based vehicle navigation application on the vehicle and cloud platforms of Eclipse Kuksa, understand how to develop a GPS-based vehicle navigation application using the Eclipse Kuksa software platform, and discuss the advantages and challenges of using Eclipse Kuksa to develop vehicle applications. The research methods are Design Science Research (DSR) and literature review. System development is carried out following the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) Process, developed and evaluated on the vehicle navigation application. The application artifact consists of the Eclipse Kuksa vehicle platform and cloud platform. The steps described in this paper can be used to build vehicle applications in Eclipse Kuksa. This paper also explains the benefits and challenges of using Eclipse Kuksa to develop vehicle applications. The main benefit is that open source solutions break the long-term closed development model of the automotive industry and establish a vehicle-to-cloud solution standard to meet the IoT challenges to the automotive industry. Simultaneously the challenge of using Eclipse Kuksa is the complexity of environment construction and the software and hardware compatibility

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ON GPSR PROTOCOL IN VANETS ENVIRONMENT OF OVERLAY NETWORK AND FORWARDING NODE SELECTION METHODS

VANETs are technology in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in driving safety and convenient network services for vehicle users. However, the high mobility of VANETs makes the topology change frequently, resulting in the unavailability of routes and causing communication failures between nodes. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) is a routing protocol that solves communication problems in the VANETs environment. GPSR is a geographic routing protocol that uses information on the location of neighbouring nodes and the transmission range to the nearest destination node. But, GPSR does not always find the optimal route because not all nearby nodes can forward packets to their destination during heavy traffic and many intersections. In this research, the overlay network and forwarding node selection methods will be used to solve problems in the GPSR routing protocol related to communication instability because of changing node positions. Based on the results of testing and analysis that has been carried out on a grid scenario with 50 nodes, the Packet Delivery Ratio results are 32.60. In contrast, the results for the real scenario with the same nodes produce a value of 64. The analysis of End to End Delay in the 50-node grid scenario produces 5.64, while the real scenario results with 50 nodes yield the value of 24.11. The analysis Routing Overhead in the grid scenario with 50 nodes produces a value of 39,978, while the results of the real scenario with 50 nodes get a value of 10,239. With the result of these two analysis methods, it is expected to increase the average value of package delivery

An Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for the Existing Protocols and Applications

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of two or more devices or nodes or terminals with wireless communications and networking capability that communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrator also the wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange information without using any existing fixed network infrastructure. And it's an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected by wireless links are free to be dynamically and some time act as routers at the same time, and we discuss in this paper the distinct characteristics of traditional wired networks, including network configuration may change at any time, there is no direction or limit the movement and so on, and thus needed a new optional path Agreement (Routing Protocol) to identify nodes for these actions communicate with each other path, An ideal choice way the agreement should not only be able to find the right path, and the Ad Hoc Network must be able to adapt to changing network of this type at any time. and we talk in details in this paper all the information of Mobile Ad Hoc Network which include the History of ad hoc, wireless ad hoc, wireless mobile approaches and types of mobile ad Hoc networks, and then we present more than 13 types of the routing Ad Hoc Networks protocols have been proposed. In this paper, the more representative of routing protocols, analysis of individual characteristics and advantages and disadvantages to collate and compare, and present the all applications or the Possible Service of Ad Hoc Networks.Comment: 24 Pages, JGraph-Hoc Journa