The stable fixtures problem with payments.

We consider multiple partners matching games (G,b,w), where G is a graph with an integer vertex capacity function b and an edge weighting w. If G is bipartite, these games are called multiple partners assignment games. We give a polynomial-time algorithm that either finds that a given multiple partners matching game has no stable solution, or obtains a stable solution. We characterize the set of stable solutions of a multiple partners matching game in two different ways and show how this leads to simple proofs for a number of results of Sotomayor (1992, 1999, 2007) for multiple partners assignment games and to generalizations of some of these results to multiple partners matching games. We also perform a study on the core of multiple partners matching games. We prove that the problem of deciding if an allocation belongs to the core jumps from being polynomial-time solvable for b≤2 to NP-complete for b≡3

The impact of space and space-related activities on a local economy. a case study of boulder, colorado. part i- the input-output analysis

Impact of space and space-related activities on industry and general economy of Boulder, Colorad

Economics of organic farming: economic modelling OF0125

This report represents results from research work carried out for the MInistry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) on the financial performance over the years 1995/96 to 1997/98. The work was initially funded under the code OF0125 and was extended into Project OF0190, with this reported representing both satges of the project. The aim of the research was to assess the financial performance of organic farms differentiated by farm type, in order to inform MAFF policy-making with respect to organic farming, and to provide a basis for assessents by farmers, advisers and other interested parties of the farm-level implications of conversation to, and continued organic farming. The specific objectives were the provision of information on different organic farm types. This was achieved through the collation of financial data collected under three different MAFF-funded research projects supplemented by data collected on other farm types, including data on dairy farms in the process of converting to organic production. Organic farm data is presented for LFA cattle and sheep farms for 1997/8 only. The samples of organic farms are small because of the limited number of organic holdings over 8 European Size Units with identifiable holding numbers in 1996 and farms with more than 50% of their land under organic management in 1997/98. Although the organic sample is small, it represents nearly 14% of organic farms with identifiable holding numbers registered with UKROPFS in 1996, and this work gives an indication of the relative profitability of diferent organic and conventional farms of different types in the late 1990s. Detailed financial input, output, income, liabilities and assets and some physical performance measures are presented for each of the years studied. Outputs on organic dairy, horticulture and mixed farms increased each year. Outputs on organic lowland cattle and sheep farms were stable, but increasing inputs reduced Net Farm Income (NFI) each year in the study period. Outputs from organic cropping farms increased in 1996/97 and decreased in 1997/98, but results rom this group are affected by the high levels of conventional cropping (25% of land area on average) and reduced conventional prices. To provide an indication of the likely performance of the organic farms if they were under conventional production, data from conventional farms are given. Conventional farms wereselected by cluster analysis from the Farm Business Survey (FBS). In 1997/98 the average NFI (pounds sterling/farm) of the organic farms exceeded that of the conventional farms for all farm types except cattle and sheep farms

Organic farm incomes in England and Wales 1995/96 - 1997/98

This report is associated with the less detailed final report of Defra project OF0190, on the same theme, archived at https://orgprints.org/6606 This report presents results from research work carried out for the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) on the financial performance of organic farms over the years 1995/96 to 1997/98. The aim of the research was to assess the financial performance of organic farms differentiated by farm type, in order to inform MAFF policy-making with respect to organic farming, and to provide a basis for assessments by farmers, advisers and other interested parties of the farm-level implications of conversion to, and continued organic farming. The specific objectives were the provision of information on different organic farm types. This was achieved through the collation of financial data collected under three different MAFF-funded research projects supplemented by data collected on other farm types, including data on dairy farms in the process of converting to organic production. Organic farm data is presented for LFA cattle and sheep farms for 1997/98 only. The samples of organic farms are small because of the limited number of organic holdings over 8 European Size Units with identifiable holding numbers in 1996 and farms with more than 50% of their land under organic management in 1997/98. Although the organic sample is small, it represents nearly 14% of organic farms with identifiable holding numbers registered with UKROFS in 1996, and this work gives an indication of the relative profitability of different organic and conventional farms of different types in the late 1990s. Detailed financial input, output, income, liabilities and assets and some physical performance measures are presented for each of the years studied. Outputs on organic dairy, horticulture and mixed farms increased each year. Outputs on organic lowland cattle and sheep farms were stable, but increasing inputs reduced Net Farm Income (NFI) each year in the study period. Outputs from organic cropping farms increased in 1996/97 and decreased in 1997/98, but results from this group are affected by the high levels of conventional cropping (25% of land area on average) and reduced conventional prices. To provide an indication of the likely performance of the organic farms if they were under conventional production, data from conventional farms are given. Conventional farms were selected by cluster analysis from the Farm Business Survey (FBS) (MAFF, 1999)1. In 1997/98 the average NFI (£/farm) of the organic farms exceeded that of the conventional farms for all farm types except cattle and sheep farms

An Improved Living Environment, But...

In 2000, the CHA received a HOPE VI grant to revitalize the Madden/Wells community by demolishing the nearly 3,000-unit dilapidated development and replacing it with a new mixed-income community named Oakwood Shores. Another development, Dearborn Homes, was slated for revitalization a few years later and was often used to house residents from other CHA developments targeted for demolition who were reluctant to leave CHA housing or had not qualified for mixed-income housing or vouchers.The plan for Dearborn Homes was to substantially rehabilitate its buildings.For over 10 years, the Urban Institute has been researching the outcomes of residents from these developments. This brief examines whether and to what extent the original residents of these distressed developments ended up in an improved living environment 3 to 10 years after relocating from Madden/Wells (the Panel Study sample) or 1 to 3 years after relocating from either Madden/Wells or the Dearborn Homes (the Demonstration sample).In general, these CHA families live in better housing in substantially safer, but still very poor, neighborhoods. Yet these gains are fragile; relocatees experience significant material hardship, and too many of those who have moved with vouchers live in neighborhoods where drug traf?cking and violent crime remain significant problems

The $20,000 Stove: How Fraudulent Rent Increases Undermine New York's Affordable Housing

New York is city of renters, with 2.1 million rental apartments. The majority of those apartments -- 1.4 million -- are regulated under the laws of Rent Stabilization and Rent Control. One of the key benefits of rent regulation for our city is that it keeps rent levels predictable, an important benefit for working- and middle-class neighborhoods.There is a major loophole in the system called the "1/40th program". This loophole allows a landlord to raise the rent on an unoccupied apartment by passing the cost of physical improvements to the next tenant by raising the monthly rent an amount equal to 1/40th of the total cost of the improvements. There is no oversight of any kind of the 1/40th program. Landlords are allowed to unilaterally impose 1/40th rent increases without prior approval, or even documentation. As a consequence of this lack of oversight, fraudulent abuse of the 1/40th program is increasingly common. This includes, for example, claiming a rent increase based on $40,000 when only$10,000 was actually spent on improvements. The lack of oversight of the 1/40th program has led to widespread fraud, and a significant loss of affordable housing. The state housing agency must accept a more active oversight role of the 1/40th program by using its current authority to audit increases and inform tenants residing in apartments where the landlord has filed a 1/40th increase. Additionally, tenants and housing advocates are calling for legislative changes that would extend the amortization formula from 40 months to 84 months and give the state housing agency a stronger oversight role by authorizing it to approve rent increases. These changes are necessary to discourage fraud, ensure that the law is upheld, and preserve affordable housing

IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines

The beginning of 1970s has witnessed the country’s political and economic predicament. To address these, the 1989 government has succumbed with the IMF program. For a better understanding of the immediate short-run impact of the adjustment programs, this article tests simple models that show the supply-side effects of IMF policies, the results of which indicate that the primary determinant of output and domestic price level is the lending rate. Hence, the task of 1990s is to arrive with policies that focus on the stagflationary effect of contractionary policies, the role of real exchange rate on output and prices and the importance of investment and capital stock.stabilization program, output growth, price level