Knowledge, Capabilities and Human Capital Formation in Economic Growth

This monograph, which has been prepared as a Research Report to the New Zealand (New Zealand) Treasury, undertakes three main tasks: (1) describing the various forms of tangible and intangible human capital, their relationship to "capabilities" affecting human well-being, and the channels through which they may contribute to economic growth; (2) reviewing the major theoretical and empirical findings on the microeconomic determinants, and macroeconomic growth effects of investment in human capital; (3) reviewing salient general implications for policies affecting human capital, and indicating measures specifically germane to the situation of the New Zealand economy. For these purposes, the concept of human capital is defined comprehensively, so that it embraces capacities for interpreting flows of sensory data and structured information required for goal-directed individual actions and inter-personal transactions, and for providing various physical labour service- inputs in ordinary production processes. More conventionally, it subsumes the creative faculties for generating new scientific and technological knowledge, the cognitive basis of entrepreneurship, and the competences for managing market and non-market production as well as household consumption activities. The report is organised in three main Parts that address the three major objectives, taking each in its turn. A detailed Table of Contents and an Executive Summary precede the text, which is followed by extensive bibliographic references. A unifying conceptual framework is developed to (a) identify the micro-level processes involved in human capital formation; (b) implicitly aggregate the resulting qualities and capabilities of individuals belonging to successive population cohorts; (c) trace the interrelated influences that the forms of human capital have upon macroeconomic performance. The review of empirical evidence at the macroeconomic level features a discussion of the deficiencies of data and methods in many of the international cross-section studies, and contrasts recent econometric findings on the role of education in economic growth among the developed economies with the conclusions derived through more detailed analyses of their historical experiences. Significant policy implications do emerge from the modern macroeconomic growth literature, but these are very broad in nature and not particularly germane to the situation of small, open economies that may lack a substantial industrial base or the extensive human and institutional infrastructure required to generate the knowledge-base needed for their peoples' well-being and their firms' competitive success in international markets. Nor does the received literature adequately treat the implications of such economies' potential to rapidly alter their respective human resource endowments through differential population migration. Consideration of human capital policies geared more closely to the specific challenges and opportunities facing New Zealand's economy leads to the formulation of a number of novel proposals. These would reform tax treatment of education and training investments by residents and immigrants alike; subsidise new voluntary institutions developing on-the-job training programs under industry sponsorship; undertake public information infrastructure investments in order to reduce the costs of effective access to global knowledge bases in science and technology. Proposals also are considered for integrated government programmes to accelerate the closing of persistent socio-economic disparities within New Zealand society, such as those between Maori and non-Maori.human capital; capabilities; knowledge; education; on-the-job training; R&D; productivity; macroeconomic growth theory; investment taxation and subsidies

Analysis of Scheduling Policies for a M/G/I Queue with Rework

This thesis analyzes a multi-class M/G/1 priority queueing system in which distinct job types require one service cycle and, with non-zero probability, require a second service cycle. The main objective is to find a new heuristic scheduling policy that minimizes the long-run expected holding and preemption costs. Arrival rates, service rates, and the probability of undertaking second service are all class specific. A mean value analysis (MVA) approach was employed to derive the long- run mean time in queue for each job type under each policy, thereby providing the appropriate cost equations. Numerical experiments suggest that the preemptive resume scheduling policy yields the lowest cost most frequently

Patterns of physiological stress response and family climate of stress in children attending Head Start

The repeated activation of physiological stress systems in response to the chronic stress associated with poverty in early childhood signals environmental instability, leading to changes in patterns of physiological response that appear to prepare children for future stress. Consistent with an ecological model, poverty creates environmental instability across children's developmental contexts. Families differ in their psychological distress in response to poverty related stressors. Such differences in response (reflective of parental psychological wellbeing) may intensify or buffer the child's perception of environmental instability. This dissertation study tested the hypothesis that children show distinct profiles of physiological response (Sympathetic Nervous System and Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal axis activity) when challenged with a socially evaluative stressor using a sample of 156 children attending a Head Start preschool program. Latent profile analysis results confirmed the existence of 4 distinct profiles: Multisystem Responder, Low sAA Activity, Heightened sAA Responder, and Moderate sAA Responder. Multinomial regression analyses suggested family level stressors (parenting stress, poverty-related stressors, and their interaction) predicted profile group membership, in addition to caregiver employment status and gender. Results and implications for research and intervention are further discussed

2017-2018 Boise State University Graduate Catalog

The graduate catalog describes the graduate programs offered by Boise State University and the policies, procedures, and requirements that govern those programs. Other pertinent university publications are the Boise State University Student Handbook, and the Boise State University Policy Manual. All of these publications are available online at www.boisestate.edu along with the online schedule of classes. Prospective students are also encouraged to contact the graduate program coordinator of the program of interest for additional information

2016-2017 Boise State University Graduate Catalog

The graduate catalog describes the graduate programs offered by Boise State University and the policies, procedures, and requirements that govern those programs. Other pertinent university publications are the Boise State University Student Handbook, and the Boise State University Policy Manual. All of these publications are available online at www.boisestate.edu along with the online schedule of classes. Prospective students are also encouraged to contact the graduate program coordinator of the program of interest for additional information

The Courier, Volume 6, Student Information Issue, 1972-73

Stories: Predict 10,000 Enrollment This Fall Quarter Where It’s At (campus locations) List Basic Courses for 4-year Transfers Cluster Colleges Serve You Better Are You Eligible for Varsity Athletics? College Regulations for On-Campus Conduct Board Policy on Speakers Peaceful Assemblage Policy Book Exchange Planned Agai

Does Country Equate with Culture? Beyond Geography in the Search for Cultural Boundaries

Traditionally, cultures have been treated as though they reside exclusively within, or perfectly overlap with countries. Indeed, the terms ‘‘country’’ and ‘‘culture’’ are often used interchangeably. As evidence mounts for substantial within-country cultural variation, and often between-country similarities, the problem with equating country and culture becomes more apparent. To help resolve the country-culture conundrum, we evaluate the extent to which political boundaries are suitable for clustering cultures based on a meta-analysis of 558 studies that used Hofstede’s (Culture’s consequences: international differences in work-related values. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, 1980) cultural values framework. The results reveal that approximately 80 % of variation in cultural values resides within countries, confirming that country is often a poor proxy for culture. We also evaluate the relative suitability of other demographic and environmental characteristics, such as occupation, socio-economic status, wealth, freedom, globalization, and instability. Our results suggest that it may be more appropriate to talk about cultures of professions, socio-economic classes, and free versus oppressed societies, than about cultures of countries

2015-2016 Boise State University Graduate Catalog

The graduate catalog describes the graduate programs offered by Boise State University and the policies, procedures, and requirements that govern those programs. Other pertinent university publications are the Boise State University Student Handbook, and the Boise State University Policy Manual. All of these publications are available online at www.boisestate.edu along with the online schedule of classes. Prospective students are also encouraged to contact the graduate program coordinator of the program of interest for additional information

Perceptions of North Carolina school superintendents and their roles with board members in the policy process

This study examined the relationship, as perceived by superintendents, between superintendents in North Carolina and their boards of education as they interact within the policy process. Since policy formation and implementation often lead to overlap, and therefore conflict, between school boards and superintendents, each actor's role and level of involvement in the policy process were examined. The research design was pre-experimental and employed a one-shot survey approach. The survey was based heavily upon the designs previously used by Ronald o. Loveridge and James Svara in their separate studies examining the role and involvement within the policy process between city councils and city managers. The data were examined against a Dichotomy-Duality Policy Model developed by James Svara. All superintendents in North Carolina were surveyed (134) and there was a 74% response. The construct validity of the survey instrument relied heavily on the similarity of governance structures between city councils and managers and school boards and superintendents