Икономически аспекти на регулирането в телекомуникациите

Considered are the economic aspects of regulation in the telecom sector in relation to: management operations; independent states CRC, operators with significant market power, setting the operators with significant market power; the issue of individual licenses and general license registration, provision of universal service offset net losses in the provision of universal service, interconnection, unbundled local loop access, the provision of leased lines and shared use of facilities and equipment, consumer prices and licensing fees

Competition in Industries Recently Deregulated in Japan

Deregulation in Japan has been caused by both external and internal factors. External factors include requests by the United States and the European Community, where deregulation measures were extensively implemented in order to facilitate these countries\u27 enterprises access into Japan\u27s market. Internal factors include the necessity for the privatization of state or public corporations in order to utilize private initiative to its fullest extent and for the reduction of differences between domestic and international prices

Markets Susceptible to ex ante Regulation : Methodology and Commission Recommendation

The EU regulatory framework for electronic communications services distinguishes between markets that are susceptible to ex ante regulation and those that are subject to competition law alone. The paper lays out the methodology for identifying relevant markets that may be considered for ex ante regulation. It also provides a summary of the relevant markets that should be susceptible to ex ante regulation based on an analysis of conditions likely to prevail in a ‘representative" member state. The paper finally addresses the role of the European Commission, and in particular its Relevant Markets Recommendation, as a means of providing guidance to NRAs.EU regulatory framework; susceptibility to ex ante regulation; 3-criteria test; Relevant Markets Recommendation; market definition and modified Greenfield approach

"The global telecommunications infrastructure: European Community (Union) telecommunications developments"

[From the Introduction]. Information, electronics, and telecommunication technologies promise to create communications networks of greatly expanded capacity capable of moving messages across interconnected wired and wireless systems almost anywhere in the world. Such global systems will profoundly affect the economic and social life of all countries. For those countries and economic sectors with a history of significant involvement in electronics, computers, multimedia, and telecommunications, early and timely deployment of state-of-the-art infrastructure may be a matter of prime importance. Many individual countries have made or are making changes intended to accelerate movement toward an information society, in large part because they recognize that a strategic competitive edge in the world economy will likely depend increasingly upon the availability, use, and exploitation of information. A major participant in the information race is the European Union (EU), formerly the European Community. The Commission of the European Union (Commission) has launched a strong push to adopt a common strategy for the creation of a European information society driven by a European information infrastructure. This strategy is aimed at bridging individual initiatives being pursued by EU Member States. [1. Member States now in the Union include the following: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom, Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the Union on January 1, 1995.1

Cable Television, New Technologies and the First Amendment After Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. F.C.C.

From the moment it emerged as an independently viable communications medium, the cable television industry has been forced to operate within the shadow of regulatory oversight. With passage of the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992,\u27 and judicial endorsement of much of that legislation in Turner BroadcastingSystem, Inc. v. F.C.C., cable\u27s future rests squarely in the hands of the federal government. Congress, with some help from the Supreme Court, has made it clear that any blueprints for the future of the nation\u27s communications infrastructure will have to pass through Washington. This article is divided into four parts. Part I explains the Turner decision and its major holdings. Part II looks at an important macro-level aspect of the decision-the Court\u27s search for a regulatory model for cable television. Parts III and IV focus more on the micro-level consequences of the Court\u27s decision