24,436 research outputs found
Distributed Computing on Core-Periphery Networks: Axiom-based Design
Inspired by social networks and complex systems, we propose a core-periphery
network architecture that supports fast computation for many distributed
algorithms and is robust and efficient in number of links. Rather than
providing a concrete network model, we take an axiom-based design approach. We
provide three intuitive (and independent) algorithmic axioms and prove that any
network that satisfies all axioms enjoys an efficient algorithm for a range of
tasks (e.g., MST, sparse matrix multiplication, etc.). We also show the
minimality of our axiom set: for networks that satisfy any subset of the
axioms, the same efficiency cannot be guaranteed for any deterministic
algorithm
Multiplicative Attribute Graph Model of Real-World Networks
Large scale real-world network data such as social and information networks
are ubiquitous. The study of such social and information networks seeks to find
patterns and explain their emergence through tractable models. In most
networks, and especially in social networks, nodes have a rich set of
attributes (e.g., age, gender) associated with them.
Here we present a model that we refer to as the Multiplicative Attribute
Graphs (MAG), which naturally captures the interactions between the network
structure and the node attributes. We consider a model where each node has a
vector of categorical latent attributes associated with it. The probability of
an edge between a pair of nodes then depends on the product of individual
attribute-attribute affinities. The model yields itself to mathematical
analysis and we derive thresholds for the connectivity and the emergence of the
giant connected component, and show that the model gives rise to networks with
a constant diameter. We analyze the degree distribution to show that MAG model
can produce networks with either log-normal or power-law degree distributions
depending on certain conditions.Comment: 33 pages, 6 figure
The organization of the interbank network and how ECB unconventional measures affected the e-MID overnight market
The topological properties of interbank networks have been discussed widely
in the literature mainly because of their relevance for systemic risk. Here we
propose to use the Stochastic Block Model to investigate and perform a model
selection among several possible two block organizations of the network: these
include bipartite, core-periphery, and modular structures. We apply our method
to the e-MID interbank market in the period 2010-2014 and we show that in
normal conditions the most likely network organization is a bipartite
structure. In exceptional conditions, such as after LTRO, one of the most
important unconventional measures by ECB at the beginning of 2012, the most
likely structure becomes a random one and only in 2014 the e-MID market went
back to a normal bipartite organization. By investigating the strategy of
individual banks, we explore possible explanations and we show that the
disappearance of many lending banks and the strategy switch of a very small set
of banks from borrower to lender is likely at the origin of this structural
change.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figure
Long-Term Results after DMEK (Descemet’s Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty)
Ziel der Arbeit: Evaluation der langfristigen Ergebnisse sowie der Komplikationsrate nach Descemet’s Membran Endothelialen Keratoplastik (DMEK)
Methoden: Eine cross-sectional, Fall-Serien Studie. Insgesamt wurden 230 Augen von 142 Patienten, die zwischen 2010 und 2014 eine DMEK an der Universitäts-Augenklinik Marburg bekommen haben, untersucht. Die best-korrigierte Sehschärfe (BCVA), die Refraktion, die zentrale Hornhautdicke, das Hornhautvolumen sowie die Endothelialzelldichte wurden als Parameter herangezogen und mit den präoperativen Befunden verglichen. Die Transplantat-Überlebensrate sowie die postoperativen Komplikationen wurden ebenfalls betrachtet.
Ergebnisse: Die Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 47 ± 13.3 Monate. Bei den Patienten die keine anderen okuläre Erkrankungen hatten hat sich die BCVA von 0.60 ± 0.32 logMAR präoperativ auf bis zu 0.10 ± 0.22 logMAR verbessert (201 Augen). 71.1% dieser Patienten hatten eine BCVA von 0.11 logMAR oder besser (≥ 0.8 dezimal), wobei 49.2% dieser Patienten eine volle BCVA von 0.00 logMAR oder besser erreicht haben. Die zentrale Hornhautdicke hat von 675 ± 112µm präoperativ auf 547 ± 52 µm in der letzten Follow-up Untersuchung abgenommen, und das Hornhautvolumen hat von 65.2 ± 8.4 mm2 präoperativ auf 61.9 ± 5.4 mm2 abgenommen. Der Endothelzellverlust lag bei 1392 ± 455 Zellen/mm², was einem durchschnittlichen Verlust von 54.7% der Transplantatzellen entspricht. Die Transplantat-Überlebensrate lag bei 92% mit einer durchschnittlichen Überlebenszeit von 76.6 ± 1.3 Monaten.
Schlussfolgerung: DMEK bietet hohe visuelle Ergebnisse und sehr gute klinische Befunde, die mehrere Jahre nach der Operation stabil bleiben können. Durch die hohe Transplantat-Überlebensrate und die niedrige postoperative Komplikationsrate wird DMEK derzeit als erste Wahl zur Behandlung von Endothelzellerkrankungen eingesetzt
Exploring the Impact of Socio-Technical Core-Periphery Structures in Open Source Software Development
In this paper we apply the social network concept of core-periphery structure
to the sociotechnical structure of a software development team. We propose a
socio-technical pattern that can be used to locate emerging coordination
problems in Open Source projects. With the help of our tool and method called
TESNA, we demonstrate a method to monitor the socio-technical core-periphery
movement in Open Source projects. We then study the impact of different
core-periphery movements on Open Source projects. We conclude that a steady
core-periphery shift towards the core is beneficial to the project, whereas
shifts away from the core are clearly not good. Furthermore, oscillatory shifts
towards and away from the core can be considered as an indication of the
instability of the project. Such an analysis can provide developers with a good
insight into the health of an Open Source project. Researchers can gain from
the pattern theory, and from the method we use to study the core-periphery
movements
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