74 research outputs found
Turing jumps through provability
Fixing some computably enumerable theory , the
Friedman-Goldfarb-Harrington (FGH) theorem says that over elementary
arithmetic, each formula is equivalent to some formula of the form
provided that is consistent. In this paper we give various
generalizations of the FGH theorem. In particular, for we relate
formulas to provability statements which
are a formalization of "provable in together with all true
sentences". As a corollary we conclude that each is
-complete. This observation yields us to consider a recursively
defined hierarchy of provability predicates which look a lot
like except that where calls upon the
oracle of all true sentences, the recursively
calls upon the oracle of all true sentences of the form . As such we obtain a `syntax-light' characterization of
definability whence of Turing jumps which is readily extended
beyond the finite. Moreover, we observe that the corresponding provability
predicates are well behaved in that together they provide a
sound interpretation of the polymodal provability logic
Hilbert's Program Then and Now
Hilbert's program was an ambitious and wide-ranging project in the philosophy
and foundations of mathematics. In order to "dispose of the foundational
questions in mathematics once and for all, "Hilbert proposed a two-pronged
approach in 1921: first, classical mathematics should be formalized in
axiomatic systems; second, using only restricted, "finitary" means, one should
give proofs of the consistency of these axiomatic systems. Although Godel's
incompleteness theorems show that the program as originally conceived cannot be
carried out, it had many partial successes, and generated important advances in
logical theory and meta-theory, both at the time and since. The article
discusses the historical background and development of Hilbert's program, its
philosophical underpinnings and consequences, and its subsequent development
and influences since the 1930s.Comment: 43 page
Computational reverse mathematics and foundational analysis
Reverse mathematics studies which subsystems of second order arithmetic are
equivalent to key theorems of ordinary, non-set-theoretic mathematics. The main
philosophical application of reverse mathematics proposed thus far is
foundational analysis, which explores the limits of different foundations for
mathematics in a formally precise manner. This paper gives a detailed account
of the motivations and methodology of foundational analysis, which have
heretofore been largely left implicit in the practice. It then shows how this
account can be fruitfully applied in the evaluation of major foundational
approaches by a careful examination of two case studies: a partial realization
of Hilbert's program due to Simpson [1988], and predicativism in the extended
form due to Feferman and Sch\"{u}tte.
Shore [2010, 2013] proposes that equivalences in reverse mathematics be
proved in the same way as inequivalences, namely by considering only
-models of the systems in question. Shore refers to this approach as
computational reverse mathematics. This paper shows that despite some
attractive features, computational reverse mathematics is inappropriate for
foundational analysis, for two major reasons. Firstly, the computable
entailment relation employed in computational reverse mathematics does not
preserve justification for the foundational programs above. Secondly,
computable entailment is a complete relation, and hence employing it
commits one to theoretical resources which outstrip those available within any
foundational approach that is proof-theoretically weaker than
.Comment: Submitted. 41 page
Turing-Taylor expansions for arithmetic theories
Turing progressions have been often used to measure the proof-theoretic
strength of mathematical theories. Turing progressions based on -provability
give rise to a proof-theoretic ordinal. As such, to each theory
we can assign the sequence of corresponding ordinals . We call this sequence a \emph{Turing-Taylor expansion} of
a theory.
In this paper, we relate Turing-Taylor expansions of sub-theories of Peano
Arithmetic to Ignatiev's universal model for the closed fragment of the
polymodal provability logic . In particular, in this
first draft we observe that each point in the Ignatiev model can be seen as
Turing-Taylor expansions of formal mathematical theories.
Moreover, each sub-theory of Peano Arithmetic that allows for a Turing-Taylor
expression will define a unique point in Ignatiev's model.Comment: First draf
Well-orders in the transfinite Japaridze algebra
This paper studies the transfinite propositional provability logics
\glp_\Lambda and their corresponding algebras. These logics have for each
ordinal a modality \la \alpha \ra. We will focus on the closed
fragment of \glp_\Lambda (i.e., where no propositional variables occur) and
\emph{worms} therein. Worms are iterated consistency expressions of the form
\la \xi_n\ra \ldots \la \xi_1 \ra \top. Beklemishev has defined
well-orderings on worms whose modalities are all at least and
presented a calculus to compute the respective order-types.
In the current paper we present a generalization of the original
orderings and provide a calculus for the corresponding generalized order-types
. Our calculus is based on so-called {\em hyperations} which are
transfinite iterations of normal functions.
Finally, we give two different characterizations of those sequences of
ordinals which are of the form \la {\formerOmega}_\xi (A) \ra_{\xi \in \ord}
for some worm . One of these characterizations is in terms of a second kind
of transfinite iteration called {\em cohyperation.}Comment: Corrected a minor but confusing omission in the relation between
Veblen progressions and hyperation
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