Artificial Intelligence in Requirements Engineering

thingsTHINKING versteht, verarbeitet und verwendet die Semantik der natürlichen Sprache und ist daher verwendbar für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsfällen. Die bereits bestehende Software erkennt und löst Mängel in natürlicher Sprache von Anforderungsspezifikationen jeglicher Art. Einsatzmöglichkeiten bestehen im Industrie-4.0-Umfeld, bei Software-Herstellern und auch Beratungsunternehmen. Die semantische Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache bietet viele weitere Möglichkeiten. Mit thingsTHINKING kann zum Beispiel der Kundendienst mit virtuellen Assistenten verbessert werden. Die LegalTech-Lösung könnte bei Entscheidungen und der Interpretation von Verträgen helfen oder einfach nur die Übersetzung für Nicht-Muttersprachler zu verbessern, indem zwischen Sinn und Ausdruck unterschieden wird. Die Anwendungsbereiche für diese Lösungen reichen von Banken, Telekommunikation bis zur Fertigung

Automated Quality Assessment of Natural Language Requirements

High demands on quality and increasing complexity are major challenges in the development of industrial software in general. The development of automotive software in particular is subject to additional safety, security, and legal demands. In such software projects, the specification of requirements is the first concrete output of the development process and usually the basis for communication between manufacturers and development partners. The quality of this output is therefore decisive for the success of a software development project. In recent years, many efforts in academia and practice have been targeted towards securing and improving the quality of requirement specifications. Early improvement approaches concentrated on the assistance of developers in formulating their requirements. Other approaches focus on the use of formal methods; but despite several advantages, these are not widely applied in practice today. Most software requirements today are informal and still specified in natural language. Current and previous research mainly focuses on quality characteristics agreed upon by the software engineering community. They are described in the standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2011, which offers nine essential characteristics for requirements quality. Several approaches focus additionally on measurable indicators that can be derived from text. More recent publications target the automated analysis of requirements by assessing their quality characteristics and by utilizing methods from natural language processing and techniques from machine learning. This thesis focuses in particular on the reliability and accuracy in the assessment of requirements and addresses the relationships between textual indicators and quality characteristics as defined by global standards. In addition, an automated quality assessment of natural language requirements is implemented by using machine learning techniques. For this purpose, labeled data is captured through assessment sessions. In these sessions, experts from the automotive industry manually assess the quality characteristics of natural language requirements.% as defined in ISO 29148. The research is carried out in cooperation with an international engineering and consulting company and enables us to access requirements from automotive software development projects of safety and comfort functions. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach for real requirements and present promising results for an industry-wide application

Introduction

This book investigates restructuring in the electronics industry and in particular the impact of a \u2018Chinese\u2019 labour regime on work and employ - ment practices in electronics assembly in Europe.1 Electronics is an extremely dynamic sector, characterized by an ever-changing organi - zational structure, as well as cut-throat competition, particularly in manufacturing. Located primarily in East Asia, electronics assembly has become notorious for poor working conditions, low unionisation and authoritarian labour relations. However, hostile labour relations and topdown HR policies are not unique to East Asia. They have become associated with the way the sector is governed more broadly, with a number of Western companies also coming to rely on such practices

The case of Foxconn in Turkey: benefiting from free labour and anti-union policy

Starting from the 2000s Foxconn invested in Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Russia and Turkey, implementing a territorial diversification strategy aimed at getting nearer to its end markets. This chapter investigates the development of Foxconn in Turkey where the multinational owns a plant with about 400 workers. A few kilometres from the city of \uc7orlu and close to highways, ports and international airports, the plant enables Foxconn to implement an efficient global supply chain. We illustrate this process by examining the company\u2019s localisation within a special economic zone, underlining the economic advantages derived from such a tax regime, bringing labour costs down to the Chinese level and obtaining proximity to European, North African and Middle East customers, thus lowering logistic costs. We also analyse the roles of labour flexibility and trade unions. In order to impose far-reaching flexibility on its workers Foxconn put in place a range of strategies, including an hours bank system, multitask operators and the recruitment of apprentices thanks a special programme funded by the state. We show how these have been crucial for Foxconn\u2019s just-in-time production contrasting its labour turnover problem. Finally, we highlight how the company has been able to implement a flexible working pattern, weaken the trade unions and undercut workers\u2019 opposition, thanks to favourable labour laws approved by successive governments in the past thirty years

Flexible workforces and low profit margins: electronics assembly between Europe and China

This book investigates restructuring in the electronics industry and in particular the impact of a \u2018Chinese\u2019 labour regime on work and employ - ment practices in electronics assembly in Europe.1 Electronics is an extremely dynamic sector, characterized by an ever-changing organi - zational structure, as well as cut-throat competition, particularly in manufacturing. Located primarily in East Asia, electronics assembly has become notorious for poor working conditions, low unionisation and authoritarian labour relations. However, hostile labour relations and topdown HR policies are not unique to East Asia. They have become associated with the way the sector is governed more broadly, with a number of Western companies also coming to rely on such practices

Discourse Evolution and Power

In Discourse Evolution and Power, I set out my theory of Discourse Stream Analysis (DSA©). After presenting a critique of Critical Discourse Analysis, I establish the principles of DSA including the notion of the subject and the analysis of text over time using linguistic techniques. I then apply DSA principles to two sets of texts about power-sharing. The first concerns the notion of empowerment in the business world. The second comprises articles from four newspapers over an 8 year period centred on the notion of federalism in the context of the relations between the United Kingdom and the European Union. I conclude with some ideas as to how DSA can be taken forward

Making sense in testing times : a narrative analysis of organisational change & learning

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