Ügyfélkapcsolat menedzsment rendszerek nyílt forráskódú szoftverekkel

The object of this study is a comprehensive review of the open source customer relationship management (CRM) systems. The open source softwares have become one of the most important trends in the software industry recently. Similarly, the CRM systems are applied more increasingly in several fields of economy. The CRM is not merely a subsequent software technology and application in the field of Business Intelligence, but rather a novel, comprehensive customercentric approach to an organization’s philosophy in dealing with its customer for the sake of realization of short- and long-range business target contrary to the traditionally widespread productcentric approach. Following a short synopsis of the theoretical and practical aspects of the CRM systems we analyse the scope of CRM-supported business activities and processes, then the actual market forecasts and the range of the effective and potential users of the proprietary and open source CRM solutions. We make an attempt to give a general overview of the advantages and disadvantages of applying open source CRM software solutions including the discussion of user benefits and costs and the applied software technologies

Libre culture: meditations on free culture

Libre Culture is the essential expression of the free culture/copyleft movement. This anthology, brought together here for the first time, represents the early groundwork of Libre Society thought. Referring to the development of creativity and ideas, capital works to hoard and privatize the knowledge and meaning of what is created. Expression becomes monopolized, secured within an artificial market-scarcity enclave and finally presented as a novelty on the culture industry in order to benefit cloistered profit motives. In the way that physical resources such as forests or public services are free, Libre Culture argues for the freeing up of human ideas and expression from copyright bulwarks in all forms

Open source software in quantum computing

Open source software is becoming crucial in the design and testing of quantum algorithms. Many of the tools are backed by major commercial vendors with the goal to make it easier to develop quantum software: this mirrors how well-funded open machine learning frameworks enabled the development of complex models and their execution on equally complex hardware. We review a wide range of open source software for quantum computing, covering all stages of the quantum toolchain from quantum hardware interfaces through quantum compilers to implementations of quantum algorithms, as well as all quantum computing paradigms, including quantum annealing, and discrete and continuous-variable gate-model quantum computing. The evaluation of each project covers characteristics such as documentation, licence, the choice of programming language, compliance with norms of software engineering, and the culture of the project. We find that while the diversity of projects is mesmerizing, only a few attract external developers and even many commercially backed frameworks have shortcomings in software engineering. Based on these observations, we highlight the best practices that could foster a more active community around quantum computing software that welcomes newcomers to the field, but also ensures high-quality, well-documented code.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure

Överlåtelse av upphovsrätt till datorprogram genom ett inkråmsförvärv - Särskilt om programmets källkod och felansvaret vid s.k. copyleft-smitta

This paper examines the possibility of a complete and final transfer of copyright to a computer software through an acquisition of assets in a company. Furthermore, it is examined whether it is possible to qualify the transfer as a purchase according to The Sale of Goods Act (1990:931). The question of whether the transfer should be regarded as a purchase in accordance with The Sale of Goods Act, serves as a purpose for investigating the possibility to determine the software as a faulty good. It is also important for the question of liability in such event. This study particularly aims to investigate how the presence of open source code in proprietary source code can result in the software being considered as a faulty good. This is especially highlighted through an acquistion of assets in a company, since such a transfer could possibly result in distribution in a sense which activates the terms in GNU GPL for the entire source code. An acquistion of assets is helpful to describe the process of the transfer and highlight the risks for both parties. When an employee creates a computer program, the copyright, in its entirety, is transferred to the employer in accordance with 40 a § in the Act on Copyright in Literary and Artistic Works (1960:729). There is a principle stating that the parties must specify what parts of the copyright they intend to transfer, should the company thereafter transfer the copyright to another party. In court, the principle is applied next to general principles of contracts. The Sale of Goods Act is generally considered applicable for complete and final transfers of intellectual property. The source code is protected as a literary work in accordance with 1 § in the Copyright Act (1960:29). The source code can either be considered proprietary, and thereby a trade secret, or open, and thereby free to distribute. Copyright is used as a means to make the licensees of GNU GPL redistribute the modifications they make. Since the concept of copyleft makes the source code available to all licensees, it can be problematic if the use of open source code is unintentional. Finally, the study aims to assess whether The Sale of Goods Act constitutes an appropriate regulation of the liability for a faulty software, when open source code has been incorporated into the proprietary source code. There is no precedent ruling about the specific issue at hand, neither does the preparatory work for The Sale of Goods Act or the Copyright Act reveal a clear answer. In legal doctrine, intellectual property in general is examined and in some cases patents also. The existing material about faulty software concerns delivery from an outside party, which is relevant to the issue at hand. Thus, the answers are sought in doctrine, which appears to be fragmented. There is no uniform answer to whether The Sale of Goods Act states an appropriate regulation between the parties for when there is no agreement to determine when the good should be considered as faulty. However, the author finds that, considering the proposals in doctrine, a reasonable balance ought to be achieved if there is no strict liability. There ought to be a consideration of the circumstances in the particular case. The assessment can be based upon the buyer’s expectations about actual utilization, legal exploitation and protection against competition. The buyer’s expectation is presented a reasonable guideline in determining the liability. That is, when there is neither an agreement nor a fixed standard for determining whether the software is faulty.I förevarande uppsats undersöks möjligheten till en fullständig och slutlig överlåtelse av upphovsrätten till ett datorprogram genom ett inkråmsförvärv. Vidare undersöks möjligheten att klassificera överlåtelsen som ett köp i enlighet med KöpL. Huruvida överlåtelsen är att anse som ett köp har betydelse för frågan om felansvaret. Med det här arbetet ämnas nämligen att särskilt undersöka hur förekomsten av öppen källkod i proprietär källkod kan resultera i ett felansvar, när ett datorprogram överlåts genom ett inkråmsförvärv. När ett datorprogram har utvecklats i ett anställningsförhållande i enlighet med 40 a § URL, övergår alla delar av upphovsrätten till arbetsgivaren. Inför ett förestående företagsförvärv bör det kontrolleras så att det i avtal inte föreligger några förbehåll från upphovsmannen i form av ett överlåtelseförbud. Om parterna vid ett företagsförvärv önskar att upphovsrätten till datorprogrammet ska överlåtas fullständigt och slutligt, ställer specifikationsprincipen upp ett krav på att det tydligt ska framgå av avtalet vilka delar av rätten som avses överlåtas. Specifikationsprincipen utgör ett komplement till de allmänna avtalsprinciper som också kan göras gällande vid tolkning av överlåtelseavtalet. Restriktionerna i URL är i många avseenden dispositiva, med endast ett fåtal undantag för datorprogram. Så länge avtalet stipulerar att det inte ska förekomma några begränsningar i överlåtelsen av upphovsrätten, är det för köparen möjligt att förvärva de fullständiga rättigheterna. Det framgår att en fullständig och slutlig överlåtelse som i fallet avses, möjliggör att anse överlåtelsen som ett köp i KöpL:s mening. Källkoden är den skrivna formen av ett datorprogram och åtnjuter skydd som ett litterärt verk enligt URL. Källkoden kan hållas sluten. Den benämns då som proprietär källkod och kan åtnjuta skydd som företagshemlighet enligt FHL. Källkoden kan också bli öppen i syfte att främja vidareutnyttjande. Öppen källkod täcks vanligen av en licens som utnyttjar upphovsrättens regler till att erbjuda användarna frihet till distribution. Licenserna för öppen källkod har ett antal gemensamma nämnare, men för uppsatsens syfte har särskilt licensen GNU GPL valts ut. GNU GPL innehåller en klausul, vanligen benämnd som en stark copyleft-klausul. Klausulen innebär att all källkod som blandas med GNU GPL-källkoden, täcks av licensvillkoren för GNU GPL. Det innebär exempelvis att källkoden måste göras offentlig i samband med distribution. Copyleft-konceptet är således problematiskt när det inte har avsetts att källkoden ska bli öppen och gälla under GNU GPL. I slutändan är frågan därmed om KöpL:s regler utgör en ändamålsenlig reglering av felansvaret för när det visar sig att öppen källkod, i strid med parternas önskan, finns inkorporerad i den proprietära källkoden. Det saknas rättspraxis i svensk rätt avseende den specifika frågan, och även relevant närliggande rättspraxis. Förarbetena till KöpL och URL avslöjar heller inget tydligt svar i frågan. I doktrin har det resonerats generellt om immaterialrätter och även patentöverlåtelser har fått en närmare granskning. Det som framkommer angående fel i programvara berör leverans från en extern konsult. Svaret får därmed sökas i en fragmenterad doktrin, som inte ger för handen ett enhetligt svar. Författaren finner emellertid, enligt vad som framförs däri, att en rimlig avvägning torde kunna uppnås genom att inte tillämpa ett strikt ansvar. Ett sådant strikt ansvar gäller vanligtvis för rättsliga fel, men förarbetena framhåller ett strikt ansvar som för långtgående avseende immaterialrättsliga fel. En möjlighet skulle kunna vara att tillämpa ansvarsreglerna för rådighetsfel i enlighet med i första hand 17 § första stycket och 40 § tredje stycket KöpL. Avseende ett faktiskt fel bör de särskilda omständigheterna i fallet kunna beaktas. Bedömningen kan utgå från vad köparen med fog kan förvänta sig avseende faktisk utnyttjandemöjlighet, rättslig utnyttjandemöjlighet och konkurrensskydd. Riktlinjen fyller en funktion när avtalsreglering saknas eller en fast felstandard inte är fastställd

Copyleft e licenças criativas de uso de informação na sociedade da informação

Neste trabalho se discutem algumas licenças criativas de uso de informação: Free Document Licenses (FDL) e Creative Commons (CC). As formas colaborativas de produção, disseminação e uso de informação, particularmente aquelas que usam a Internet, requerem novos enfoques da propriedade intelectual e do direito autoral. A produção colaborativa pode-se construir sob licenças para usar e recriar livremente produções anteriores. É possível imaginar a dispensa da proteção legal do copyright, tornando idéias, software, músicas, imagens e textos livres e acessíveis a todos. A redução do controle político e econômico não visa apenas a facilitar o acesso aos bens, mas também liberar a inovação e o desenvolvimento econômico. Conclui-se que as licenças criativas apresentam potencialidades e limitações. Contudo constituem poderoso agente de mudança social e econômica, pois advertem para a inadequação dos sistemas de copyright e de propriedade intelectual na sociedade da informação. Palavras-chave: Direito autoral. Licenças criativas de uso de informação. Free Documents License. Creative Commons. Creative licenses for information use in information society Abstract This article discusses some creative licenses for information use, Free Document Licenses - FDL and Creative Commons - CC. The collaborative forms of production, dissemination and use of information, particularly those that use the Internet, request new focuses of the intellectual property and copyright. The collaborative production can be built by this licenses for free use and for recreating former productions. It is possible to imagine the dismissal of the copyright legal protection, turning ideas, software, music, images and texts free and accessible to all. The reduction of the political and economical control seeks to facilitate the access to the goods, but also to liberate the innovation and the economical development. The creative licenses present potentialities and limitations. However, they constitute a powerful agent of social and economical change, because they are a reminder of the inadequacy of copyright and intellectual property systems in the information society. Keywords: Copyright. Creative license for information use. Free Document Licenses. Creative Commons

Vignetwork: An Exquisite Corpse Network of Short Films

Vignetwork (www.Vignetwork.com) is the name for an online system of interconnected short films that comes from the combination of the terms vignette and network. By developing Vignetwork as an experiment in narrative structure, it is possible to analyze what a hypertext is and what it means as a tool, environment, and model for understanding the world. By comparing it to various other films, projects, and ideas, Vignetwork emerges as a parable for how individuals define themselves in a shared, crowded world

Towards 5G Software-Defined Ecosystems: Technical Challenges, Business Sustainability and Policy Issues

Techno-economic drivers are creating the conditions for a radical change of paradigm in the design and operation of future telecommunications infrastructures. In fact, SDN, NFV, Cloud and Edge-Fog Computing are converging together into a single systemic transformation termed “Softwarization” that will find concrete exploitations in 5G systems. The IEEE SDN Initiative1 has elaborated a vision, an evolutionary path and some techno-economic scenarios of this transformation: specifically, the major technical challenges, business sustainability and policy issues have been investigated. This white paper presents: 1) an overview on the main techno-economic drivers steering the “Softwarization” of telecommunications; 2) an introduction to the Open Mobile Edge Cloud vision (covered in a companion white paper); 3) the main technical challenges in terms of operations, security and policy; 4) an analysis of the potential role of open source software; 5) some use case proposals for proof-of-concepts; and 6) a short description of the main socio-economic impacts being produced by “Softwarization”. Along these directions, IEEE SDN is also developing of an open catalogue of software platforms, toolkits, and functionalities aiming at a step-by-step development and aggregation of test-beds/field-trials on SDNNFV- 5G

A to Z of Superhero Movies

This project explores the question of originality and appropriation in the creative world by using mashup video as a medium. How can old repetitive stories be deconstructed and transformed into something new? I have created alphabetically ordered montages of shots/scenes containing words/letters from superhero films. By doing so, I do not provide a concrete answer to what is really original in today’s world, but rather encourage the audience to actively participate in the viewing experience of the carefully structured ontology and see the infinite possibility of the modern-day mashup culture

SYSTEMIC DESIGN DELIVERING POLICY FOR FLOURISHING CIRCULAR REGIONS

Systemic Design expertise is rising as relevant on Policy Design fostering better governance towards Circular Econ- omy. On that journey, a current coordinated work between universities, local authorities, associations and public administration where the Systemic Design is anticipating the future economy actions through policy design is RE- TRACE Interreg Europe project. The aim of this project is to drive regional policies towards a Circular Economy applying the Systemic Design approach developed by the research group of the Department of Architecture and De- sign at Politecnico di Torino. This paper describes the role of Systemic Design on the future challenges on Regional Governance towards a Circular Economy through the outcomes of the RETRACE and discusses the opportunities and wicked problems of this expertise on policymaking. Becoming a milestone on the way to a deeper awareness of the impact the implementation of Systemic Design on Policy Design processes in Europe