Analysis of the technical efficiency of wayleave acquisition process. A case study of transmission Infrastructure in Kenya

Context and backgroundIn response to national development challenges, the Government of Kenya has disseminated its development agenda through the ‘Kenya Vision 2030, which aims at creating “a globally competitive and prosperous country with a high quality of life by 2030”. Infrastructure projects are key enablers in spurring the socioeconomic development. Advocacy on the environmental, social sustainability, compensation, and restoration of wayleave acquisition for infrastructure development has been on the rise with various stakeholders involved with diverse requirements  Wayleave acquisition in Kenya has been a major bottleneck to the implementation of infrastructure projects. Political interferences and activism have exacerbated the difficulties in wayleave acquisition process / right of way for the said infrastructure projects. Goal and Objectives:The study analyses the technical efficiency of the wayleave acquisition process on sampled transmission lines with various voltages and wayleave corridors sizes. This analysis will be instrumental to maximize output and on timely delivery of infrastructure projects in terms of the iron triangle parameters (scope, cost, and time) as the country seeks to transform into a middle-income country. the research analyses the efficiency of the wayleave acquisition process and the challenges faced in implementation of the resettlement action plans for transmission line projects in Kenya Methodology:The research employs Non-Parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess technical efficiency of wayleave acquisition process. The research sought to maximise outputs in terms of time to realize the project (on time delivery rate) and minimize delays resulting from disruptions on right of way/ wayleave acquisition as the inputs. It further examines the input and output orientations efficiency to provide recommendation on process and policy changes.Results:The research finding show that a model is significant, and variables explains the technical efficiency of the wayleave acquisition process with an efficiency score (Theta of 1) otherwise other Decision-Making Unit (DMUs) are inefficient, depicting decreasing return to scale. Further policy interventions and recommendations have been provided to streamline the wayleave acquisition process especially under involuntary resettlement 

Evaluating destinations' efforts to improve sustainability in tourism using the inter-temporal decomposition of a composite indicator

This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PID2019-104263RB-C41 and PGC2018-095786-B-IOO], from the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and from the Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University, of the Andalusian Government, within the framework of the FEDER Andalusia 2014-2020 operational program. Specific objective 1.2.3. «Promotion and generation of frontier knowledge and knowledge oriented to the challenges of society, development of emerging technologies») within the framework of the reference research project (UPO-1380624). FEDER co-financing percentage 80%. Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CBUA.UPO-1380624, PID2019-104263RB-C41 and PGC2018-095786-B-IOOSustainable tourism indicators are instruments for measuring tourism sustainability, widely used in the planning and decision-making processes. For this measurement, in recent decades composite indicators have been proposed that provide dynamic evaluations to assess the progress that each destination registers towards more sustainable situations. However, the measures proposed so far do not allow the evaluation of each destination's own effort or the effectiveness of the measures put in place, because the evaluation they provide depends on the decisions made when adding information (weighting, reference situations...). In this study, a dynamic measure of sustainable tourism is proposed, which, through the intertemporal decomposition of a global indicator with multiplicative aggregation, assesses the effort that each destination makes to improve its sustainability situation. The aggregation procedure is carried out in two stages. In the first one, a compensatory synthetic indicator is obtained for each aspect using a weighting scheme determined from information and dispersion criteria. In a second phase, the global composite indicator is obtained with a multiplicative aggregation, setting unique and common weights for all destinations through DEA models and using different benchmarks for each type of destination, in order to take into account their different starting situations.Departmento de Economía, Métodos Cuantitativos e Historia Económica, Universidad Pablo de Olavid