Light and Shadow of Artificial Intelligence: Transformative Journalism Opportunities and ethical dilemmas brought about by ChatGPT -- A research review based on the literature of domestic core journals

Since the release of ChatGPT in 2022, the related research fields have shown an explosive growth trend. Given this, this study attempts to sort out the current research systematically results on ChatGPT in journalism and communication by the literature review to expand the horizon of future research. Journalism and communication scholars have carried out a series of research on ChatGPT from three aspects: journalism reform, media theory, and media ethics. These researchers made certain progress in theory and practice. However, the existing researches still have problems, such as unclear concept definition, single research method, and confusing research topic. Future research should base on the perspective of journalism and communication disciplines, expand research methods and enrich research perspectives, and constantly upgrade ChatGPT research from phenomenon discussion to theoretical innovation and academic exchange. Keywords: ChatGPT, News communication, Artificial intelligence, Media ethics DOI: 10.7176/NMMC/104-12 Publication date: July 31st 2023

Magnetic Sensor Calibration and Residual Dipole Characterization for Application to Nanosatellites

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83632/1/AIAA-2010-7518-617.pd

Integrity Monitoring for Automated Aerial Refueling: A Stereo Vision Approach

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) increasingly require the capability to y autonomously in close formation including to facilitate automated aerial refueling (AAR). The availability of relative navigation measurements and navigation integrity are essential to autonomous relative navigation. Due to the potential non-availability of the global positioning system (GPS) during military operations, it is highly desirable that relative navigation can be accomplished without the use of GPS. This paper develops two algorithms designed to provide relative navigation measurements solely from a stereo image pair. These algorithms were developed and analyzed in the context of AAR using a stereo camera system modeling that of the KC-46. Algorithms were analyzed in simulation and then in flight test using two C-12C aircraft at the United States Air Force Test Pilot School. The first algorithm, the Vision and Bayesian Inference Based Integrity Monitor (V5), uses Bayesian inference and template matching to return a probability mass function (PMF) describing the position of an observed aircraft. This PMF provides a relative position estimate as well as a protection level--which characterizes the uncertainty of the relative position estimate--thus providing a degree of navigation integrity. Using both simulation and flight test data, mean V5 spherical error was less than one meter and protection levels reliably characterized algorithm uncertainty. The second algorithm, relative pose estimation with computer vision and iterative closest point (R7), uses stereo vision algorithms and the iterative closest point algorithm to return relative position and attitude estimates. Using both simulation and flight test data, mean R7 spherical error was less than 0.5 meters. Additionally, in flight test, mean R7 attitude errors were less than 3° in all axes

Value-based global optimization

Computational models and simulations are essential system design tools that allow for improved decision making and cost reductions during all phases of the design process. However, the most accurate models are often computationally expensive and can therefore only be used sporadically. Consequently, designers are often forced to choose between exploring many design alternatives with less accurate, inexpensive models and evaluating fewer alternatives with the most accurate models. To achieve both broad exploration of the alternatives and accurate determination of the best alternative with reasonable costs incurred, surrogate modeling and variable accuracy modeling are used widely. A surrogate model is a mathematically tractable approximation of a more expensive model based on a limited sampling of that model, while variable accuracy modeling involves a collection of different models of the same system with different accuracies and computational costs. As compared to using only very accurate and expensive models, designers can determine the best solutions more efficiently using surrogate and variable accuracy models because obviously poor solutions can be eliminated inexpensively using only the less expensive, less accurate models. The most accurate models are then reserved for discerning the best solution from the set of good solutions. In this thesis, a Value-Based Global Optimization (VGO) algorithm is introduced. The algorithm uses kriging-like surrogate models and a sequential sampling strategy based on Value of Information (VoI) to optimize an objective characterized by multiple analysis models with different accuracies. It builds on two primary research contributions. The first is a novel surrogate modeling method that accommodates data from any number of analysis models with different accuracies and costs. The second contribution is the use of Value of Information (VoI) as a new metric for guiding the sequential sampling process for global optimization. In this manner, the cost of further analysis is explicitly taken into account during the optimization process. Results characterizing the algorithm show that VGO outperforms Efficient Global Optimization (EGO), a similar global optimization algorithm that is considered to be the current state of the art. It is shown that when cost is taken into account in the final utility, VGO achieves a higher utility than EGO with statistical significance. In further experiments, it is shown that VGO can be successfully applied to higher dimensional problems as well as practical engineering design examples.PhDCommittee Chair: Paredis, Chris; Committee Member: Bras, Bert; Committee Member: Leamy, Michael; Committee Member: Romero, David; Committee Member: Wu, C.F. Jef

The Axiom of Choice

We will discuss the 9th axiom of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with choice, which is often abbreviated ZFC, since it includes the axiom of choice (AC). AC is a controversial axiom that is mathematically equivalent to many well known theorems and has an interesting history in set theory. This thesis is a combination of discussion of the history of the axiom and the reasoning behind why the axiom is controversial. This entails several proofs of theorems that establish the fact that AC is equivalent to such theorems and notions as Tychonoff\u27s Theorem, Zorn\u27s Lemma, the Well-Ordering Theorem, and many more

Critical Thinking in Scholarship : Meanings, Conditions and Development

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the phenomenon of critical thinking in scholarship as regards its meanings, conditions, and development using a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. This exploration takes its departure in ancient Greece, following a historical movement of the phenomenon up to present day perspectives on critical thinking, revealing a range of different meanings and conditions. Thus, the reader is invited to follow my synthetic meaning constitution of the phenomenon of critical thinking as it appears in different philosophical and educational texts. Through this gradual process of meaning constitution it is shown that the scholarly critical thinker is in one way or another concerned with abstract relationships, in order to either master, understand, or change the world. These underlying interests may, in turn, be derived from the critical thinker's sense of responsibility towards God, nature, society, and humanity as a whole. It also appears that even though critical thinking in scholarship is traditionally framed within rational and principle based thinking, the development of the meaning of critical thinking is on its way to new dimensions. Besides rationality, other qualities of critical thinking are highlighted, such as reflective thinking, emotions, creativity, imagination, and intuition. Despite the fact that research on critical thinking has started to move in new directions, educational policy documents implicitly conceptualize critical thinking in traditional terms. This means that the phenomenon is captured within its own instrumentality, with no further concern for its possible ends. The same circumstance can be noted in relation to contemporary perspectives on critical thinking, which tend to focus on the process of critical thinking, since critical thinking is implicitly understood as an assurance of attaining normatively good ends. However, critical thinking is a phenomenon that is future oriented, involving its intention and possible ends. Against this background, it is therefore argued that critical thinking receives its most critical feature when intention, process and end constitute a constructive interrelated whole

A Study of the Use of Lexical Cohesion in Chinese Postgraduate Writing at a UK University

As a key feature in the creation of coherent texts (Tanskanen, 2006), lexical cohesion is of critical importance for students’ academic performance. Chinese students, whose writing is the subject of this thesis, have been identified as lacking awareness of lexical cohesiveness in English academic writing (Zhang, 2000). In order to inform EAP pedagogy for them, this thesis used a corpus-based approach to conduct in-depth investigations of lexical cohesive devices used in Chinese postgraduates’ writing at a UK university. Based on Halliday and Hasan’s model (1976), an analytical framework for the analysis of lexical cohesion was developed in two corpora, incorporating a new sub-category of lexical cohesive device alongside modifications of existing categories. One corpus consisted of 52 module assignment samples (17,538 words) allocated into four marking-scale groups (failed, pass, merit and distinction), the other corpus comprising 45 dissertation excerpts (19,148 words) divided into five functional-section groups (introduction, literature review, methodology, findings/discussion, and conclusion). Applying this framework, manual analysis of the corpora identified homogeneities of lexical cohesion as context sensitivity, topic-based use of lexical cohesion, dominant use of repetition, and use of modifiers to indicate lexical cohesive relations, suggesting the value of context-based pedagogy and the need to teach complex lexical cohesive devices with exemplars. The results of the ANOVA test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test suggested a significant difference in the use of lexical cohesion between the marking-scale groups due to fewer repetition pairs identified in the merit group, and no statistically significant difference in overall the use of lexical cohesion among the functional-section groups although the function of each section influences the use of certain lexical cohesive devices. Several factors are proposed as influencing the use of lexical cohesion: topic variety, writers’ choice and function of texts, indicating the complexity of both applying and teaching lexical cohesion in academic writing

An investigation of the interventional role of perceived norms on greener choice

Encouraging green consumption is a key goal of green marketing. However, the practice of green consumption often deviates from green attitudes. The approach of behavioural interventions can help reduce the deviation, i.e., the green attitude-behaviour gap, by influencing consumers’ decision-making. Nevertheless, this approach lacks a coherent theory underlying the promotion of green consumption behaviour, neglects the influence of self-consciousness on decision-making and intervention effectiveness, and has little recognition of its potential side effects on consumers’ well-being. To address this, this research, using a combined lens of decision-making and behavioural intervention, aims to investigate the impact of normative mechanisms as informational interventions on encouraging consumers to make greener choice and how selfconsciousness affects these interventional impacts. Three experimental studies in hotel towel reuse scenarios were conducted to achieve the aim. The findings reveal that both personal and social normative interventions are effective in promoting green consumption, and self-consciousness affects consumer responses to these interventions. The negative influence of private (public) selfconsciousness on the impact of personal (social) normative interventions provides insight into why some studies failed to produce intervention effects. In addition, the research suggests that the impact of intervention on self-concept clarity could reflect its effect on consumers’ well-being. By revealing the mediating role of green preference in normative interventions, this research bridges the causal process among personal norms, green preference, and greener choice. These findings have important implications for marketers and policymakers seeking to promote green consumption while ensuring the well-being of consumers. Focusing on personal norms can encourage sustained greener choice, as it relates strongly to green preference and further activates one’s private self-consciousness, providing well-being benefits due to increased self-concept clarity. Effective normative prompts for different marketing communication purposes can be crafted using the research's findings.Encouraging green consumption is a key goal of green marketing. However, the practice of green consumption often deviates from green attitudes. The approach of behavioural interventions can help reduce the deviation, i.e., the green attitude-behaviour gap, by influencing consumers’ decision-making. Nevertheless, this approach lacks a coherent theory underlying the promotion of green consumption behaviour, neglects the influence of self-consciousness on decision-making and intervention effectiveness, and has little recognition of its potential side effects on consumers’ well-being. To address this, this research, using a combined lens of decision-making and behavioural intervention, aims to investigate the impact of normative mechanisms as informational interventions on encouraging consumers to make greener choice and how selfconsciousness affects these interventional impacts. Three experimental studies in hotel towel reuse scenarios were conducted to achieve the aim. The findings reveal that both personal and social normative interventions are effective in promoting green consumption, and self-consciousness affects consumer responses to these interventions. The negative influence of private (public) selfconsciousness on the impact of personal (social) normative interventions provides insight into why some studies failed to produce intervention effects. In addition, the research suggests that the impact of intervention on self-concept clarity could reflect its effect on consumers’ well-being. By revealing the mediating role of green preference in normative interventions, this research bridges the causal process among personal norms, green preference, and greener choice. These findings have important implications for marketers and policymakers seeking to promote green consumption while ensuring the well-being of consumers. Focusing on personal norms can encourage sustained greener choice, as it relates strongly to green preference and further activates one’s private self-consciousness, providing well-being benefits due to increased self-concept clarity. Effective normative prompts for different marketing communication purposes can be crafted using the research's findings