Topic modeling and user network analysis on twitter during world lupus awareness day

Twitter is increasingly used by individuals and organizations to broadcast their feelings and practices, providing access to samples of spontaneously expressed opinions on all sorts of themes. Social media offers an additional source of data to unlock information supporting new insights disclosures, particularly for public health purposes. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, systemic autoimmune disease that remains a major challenge in therapeutic diagnostic and treatment management. When supporting patients with such a complex disease, sharing information through social media can play an important role in creating better healthcare services. This study explores the nature of topics posted by users and organizations on Twitter during world Lupus day to extract latent topics that occur in tweet texts and to identify what information is most commonly discussed among users. We identified online influencers and opinion leaders who discussed different topics. During this analysis, we found two different types of influencers that employed different narratives about the communities they belong to. Therefore, this study identifies hidden information for healthcare decision-makers and provides a detailed model of the implications for healthcare organizations to detect, understand, and define hidden content behind large collections of text

Demarginalizing Interdisciplinarity in IS Research: Interdisciplinary Research in Marginalization

This paper reports on the second Workshop of a World University Network (WUN) Research Development Funded project on “The trans-nationalization of Indigenous movements: The role of digital technologies” at the University of Southampton, UK. The workshop explored interdisciplinarity and how interdisciplinary collaboration can help scholars study complex social phenomenon, such as the ways in which marginalized Indigenous communities use and shape digital technologies (such as social media) to enhance their cause. The workshop brought together scholars from diverse disciplines to engage in a critical debate. In addition to scholars from information systems, scholars from history, political science, geography, literature, arts, and anthropology came together to discuss how marginalized Indigenous communities can use digital media. The workshop highlighted the need for more interdisciplinary research and called for more critical approaches to bring such marginalized topics to the forefront of research in information systems. We consider three broad areas of inquiry in this paper: demarginalizing methodology for interdisciplinary research, interdisciplinary perspectives for demarginalization, and interdisciplinary contexts for demarginalization

Creating a Better World with Information and Communication Technologies: Health Equity

When news broke on 23rd July 2014, that a case of the deadly virus Ebola had been confirmed in Lagos, home to about 21 million people and a major transportation hub, the World held its breath. If not contained, this virus could spread quickly killing a multitude of people around the World. By 15th October, cases of Ebola had been recorded around the World: Liberia reported 4249 cases with 2458 deaths, Sierra Leone reported 3252 cases with 1183 deaths, Guinea 1472 cases with 843 deaths, Nigeria reported 20 cases with 8 deaths, the USA reported 3 cases and 1 death, Spain and Senegal reported 1 case with no deaths (Qureshi et al, 2015)

Is a Theory of the Problem Sufficient for a Theory of the Solution? Negotiating Tensions among Research, Practice, Advocacy and Activism in Serving Immigrant Communities

The lives of members of immigrant communities are inevitably shaped by U.S. laws, rapidly-shifting immigration policy, institutional policies and practices (e.g., in schools), and how immigrants are welcomed (or not) by members of host communities (Portes & Rumbaut, 2001). These and other aspects of the context of reception have important implications for immigrant integration, education and employment, and mental health. Accordingly, there have been significant calls for psychologists to take active roles in advocacy and activism, which resonates deeply with many of us. Roundtable organizers are community psychologists working with immigrant communities and seeking to negotiate the tensions that can arise at the intersections of research, practice, advocacy and activism. For example: • APA’s Toolkit for Local Advocacy defines advocacy as sharing information within a system with the assumption that the information will help the system respond effectively; activism, on the other hand, is more likely to indict systems perceived as unjust, perhaps from the outside. How does one choose between--or balance--advocacy and activism? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each for trying to solve specific problems in different contexts? • How does one balance social science and research goals that presumably could provide valuable information in working with immigrant communities with advocacy and activism goals? Can we have one without the other, and if so, should we? • If we integrate these roles, do we run the risk of being perceived as less objective on one hand and less invested in communities (or complicit in injustice) on the other? • Is a theory of the problem sufficient for a theory of the solution? Is it possible to move from problems to solutions without the insight and influence that insiders can provide? Participants will share the (imperfect) ways they have balanced research, practice, advocacy and activism in their work

Community Stakeholder Perspectives Around the Strengths and Needs of Unaccompanied Immigrant Minors

Unaccompanied immigrant minors (UIM) are youth who lack lawful immigration status and who are without a parent or guardian in the U.S. who can provide custody and care. By all accounts, UIM experience stressful and traumatic circumstances before, during and postmigration. Most UIM left their home countries due to economic stagnation, poverty, crime and gang-related violence (Kandel et al., 2014); almost half described fleeing societal violence and one in five described experiencing domestic abuse (UNHCR, 2014). During migration, UIM are vulnerable to human trafficking, kidnapping, and other abuses (Kandel et al., 2014). Upon resettlement, UIM sometimes experience extended stays in detention centers, community violence exposure in resettlement areas, and an uncertain future in the U.S., all without family support to buffer these stressors (Alvarez & Alegria, 2016). Not surprisingly, UIM are at increased risk for mental health problems compared to accompanied immigrant youth (Derluyn & Broekaert, 2008; Huemer et al., 2009). Research on protective factors is emerging, but scarce.This presentation describes community stakeholder perspectives around the strengths and needs of UIM. Stakeholders include academic researchers with experience working with UIM; key decision makers in agencies serving UIM; professionals with insider knowledge (e.g., immigration attorneys, psychologists with expertise in asylum evaluations); and community members participating in immigrant-focused coalitions. Stakeholder interviews identified significant need for support for UIM. They noted that UIM need emotional support before, during and after legal interviews when youth must recount traumatic events. Families need support during periods of separations and reunions, which can lead to uncertainty and unanticipated conflict, and foster families sponsoring UIM need parenting support for raising children facing difficult circumstances. Stakeholders also noted role conflicts that arise when simultaneously addressing the legal and mental health needs of UIM and the emotional toll that this work takes on professionals serving UIM

FXBVillage 2015 Toolkit and Planning Guide

FXB has a 26-year history of breaking the cycle of poverty in more than 150 villages across the world. They share their field-tested model with the public for the first time. Developed with input from experts at Harvard University, this toolkit provides step-by-step guidance on the FXBVillage methodology, from its history and guiding principles to specific details of FXBVillage operations.For more information: https://fxb.org/toolkit

Challenges and Approaches in Eradicating FGM: Insights from the Somali and Embera Communities in Colombia

openThe present investigation explores the complicated FGC outlook with a specific spotlight on the Somali and Embera communities in order to gain a better understanding of why this practice persists despite strong international and national legal frameworks. Going beyond legal frames, this thesis navigates the cultural complexities that sustain this practice, employing a qualitative research approach to explore its intersectional dimensions within these communities. Suggesting that the limited success in reducing this procedure is due to a misalignment between the cultural approach employed and Western perspectives. The results of this research highlight the significance of identifying variations in practices and try to bring the spotlight to alternative routes for culturally sensitive approaches, emphasizing the necessity of tailored strategies to protect women's and girls' health and dignity while preserving their cultural identity

Rights-based management in Latin American fisheries

This study reports on a diversity of cases of rights-based benthic and finfish fisheries from Latin America. For benthic fisheries, Part I of this technical paper documents managementexperiences including: (i) limited entry or moratoria combined with a total allowable catch(TAC) in the Galapagos Islands sea cucumber fishery, and in the sea urchin and Juliana clam fisheries of Chile; (ii) catch shares in the diving fisheries for scallops from San José Gulf (Argentina) and for the loco snail in Chile (a system now defunct), and the Patagonian scallop industrial fishery (Argentina); (iii) Territorial use privileges based on sea bed tracts in Chilean territorial use rights in fisheries (TURFs, 'AMERBs'), concessions from central Baja California (Mexico), 'predios' of sustainable use in Mexico, and concessions for seaweed extraction in Argentine Patagonia; (iv) individual use privileges over fishing 'campos' in spiny lobster concessions of Punta Allen (Mexico), 'marcas' in the Juan Fernández lobster fishery, and 'parcelas' in Chilean algal harvests; and (v) territorial communal rights (traditional and indigenous users) in the Seri Indian fishery of Mexico, Brazilian Reserva Extrativistas, and the piangua fishery of Colombia's Afro-American communities. For finfish fisheries, Part II presents rights-based management study cases for: (i) individual vessel quota (IVQ) management of the anchovy (Engraulis ringens) fishery of Peru; (ii) individual stakeholder quota management of the hake (Merluccius gayi gayi) fishery of Chile; (iii) community territorial use rights in the Gulf weakfish (Cynoscion othonopterus) fishery of the Gulf of California, Mexico; and (iv) individual effort quotas (IEQs) for artisanal communities in the multispecies fishery at Coiba National Park, Panama. Each case specifies the main attributes of the access rights (in a broad sense, including privileges), whether formal or informal: (i) how the rights are conferred and upheld; (ii) exclusivity of participation in the fishery; (iii) duration of the rights conferred; (iv) security or quality of the title conferred by the rights; (v) transferability, divisibility and flexibility in the use of the rights; and (vi) actual rights enforceability and corresponding compliance with use rights limitations. The study also reports on aspects of the harvest strategies in place, including: (i) fishing methods and gear; (ii) when fishing is authorized to take place; (iii) harvest controls; and (iv) monitoring.For fisheries targeting benthic organisms, main findings for the major categories ofprivileges or rights were:- Limited entry. A moratorium on the number of participants (boats and/or fishers),possibly combined with a TAC, often has been the first reaction to symptoms ofoverfishing. Moratoria are, in principle, a short-term instrument that should evolve intoformal limited-entry systems with specified entry/exit rules, a form of 'non-quantitativeaccess rights'. In practice, closed registries tend to become frozen, which results in aninformal market for the privileges of registered but inactive fishers and a distortion offishing effort statistics.- Catch shares. Catch shares have fared better in situations where there are fewparticipants, whether the shares are granted to individual coastal gatherers, small-scaleboat-owners or industrial vessels. In limited-entry systems (with or without catch shares)where the fishing units are small boats (typical of commercial diving), whether accessprivileges are vested on individual fishers or boats has significant implications formanagement. The dynamics (entry, mobility, ageing, attrition and exit) of fishers and boatsare very different. Fishers are generally more transient than boats, and often move acrossjurisdictional boundaries. Systems based on catch shares granted to individual fishers havefailed when the number of participants is large, mostly because inflated or outdatedregistries and poor enforcement have frustrated effective implementation.- Territorial use privileges typically consist of concessions to fishers organizations,such as Mexican cooperatives and Chilean 'sindicatos', for the use of specific resources intracts of seabed (TURFs). Differences in design have significant management implications.In the case of Chilean AMERBs, the tracts are relatively small, leaving variable extensionsof background areas where fishing for key target species is nominally banned, butregulations are unenforceable. The result has been severe depletion of valuable resources(e.g. loco snails) in background areas and an illegal market for small, sublegal shellfish.Mexican cooperatives from central Baja California, instead, have concessions overextended tracts contiguous with each other, so that there is no unclaimed backgroundterritory. This system has been very successful on most accounts. Overall, TURFs havefared better in cases with a long history of collective territorial appropriation, informal in itsbeginnings, than in systems introduced de novo by design. Moreover, they have been moreeffective in cases where the tracts are close to fishing communities, particularly in ruralareas, which facilitates vigilance and deterrence of intruders.- Individual privileges for access to fishing spots, a particular form of TURF, are as arule regulated by some form of customary marine tenure. These systems are typicallyassociated with interception gear, such as traps or attraction devices. Informal individualprivileges are usually tradable under a variety of arrangements (monetary or else) and canbe inherited. The 'parcela' system of algal harvesting from Chile is based on resourceswith a high turnover rate, and privileges may be temporary and re-assigned through alottery. Informal customary marine tenure systems are the result of a protracted process ofadaptive adjustment. Formalization of customary systems poses significant risks because, inthe absence of effective feedback, formality can be a straightjacket for systems whoseresilience is conditioned on their adaptiveness.- Territorial communal rights granted to traditional and indigenous users aredifferent from all of the preceding because access rights to fishing are usually only part of abroader package. Restitution of rights is always accompanied by significant devolution ofmanagement authority. This results in two-tier governance systems, in which somedecisions are made at the national level (e.g. 'bounding' the community), while rules forthe access to resources or benefits by individual members are decided within thecommunity. Issues of legitimacy raised by the definition of 'community' can be verycomplex. Moreover, the granting of exclusive communal rights may be in conflict withnational legislation.The main attributes of the rights-based systems in place for the finfish fisheries reported inthis study are the following.For the IVQ system in the anchovy (Engraulis ringens) fishery of Peru, exclusive rights aregranted for ten years with a contract warrant to industrial vessels targeting anchovy for indirect human consumption outside the five-mile limit allocated to artisanal vessels. There is no transferability of rights independent of the vessel unit, and divisibility is allowed to substitute capacity of individual vessels removed from fishing. For the individual stakeholder fishing quota of the common hake (Merluccius gayi gayi) fishery in Chile, the current fishery law in operation allocates 5 miles from the coast for exclusive use of the artisanal fishing. In addition, the common hake fishery is declared in full operation and a limited-entry scheme is in place for both industrial and artisanal. A maximum catch limit per stakeholder MCLS is also in place. By law, a TAC must be defined annually to assign 35 percent for the artisanal sector and 65 percent for the industrial one. Rights are renewable on a yearly basis, and the State guarantees the right to a fraction of the total TAC, subject to biomass accessibility. Rights are non-transferable and non-divisible. With the community territorial use rights of the Gulf weakfish (Cynoscion othonopterus) of the Gulf of California, Mexico, exclusive territorial fishing rights with limited entry are granted for two years to a coastal community with limited entry. Security is provided by fishing title rights for the period covered by the fishing licence. In this Mexican fishery, rights are non-transferable and non-divisible. For the multispecies fishery at Coiba NationalPark, Panama, exclusive fishing rights are granted, through IEQs, to fishers of 47 small-scale boats. Rights are granted for one year with the possibility of renewability. These rights are secure rights as long as there is full compliance with regulations of the Coiba National Park. Transferability or divisibility of these rights is not allowed.The study also explores and discusses the following questions: How can the property rightssystems illustrated in the case studies improve the incentives for stewardship, conservation and sustained profitability? What sorts of distributional implications are there in each of the rights-based finfish fisheries reported? What sorts of operational requirements do the different types of property rights documented demand in terms of research, enforcement, administration and actual fishing operations?The diversity of rights-based management schemes reported for benthic and finfish fisheriesin Latin America seems to respond to: (i) local fishery contexts; (ii) institutional, resource and ecosystem dynamics; and (iii) governance capacities in place. At this stage of establishing rights-based schemes in Latin America, a commonality found in virtually all study cases is the non-transferability of formal privileges. It seems to reflect the concerns for potential concentration of fishing rights in a few hands were transferability introduced. In many of the cases discussed, non-divisibility of rights is also specified. In contrast, informal access privileges are effectively transferable and divisible in some customary tenure systems where sea bed resources are targeted. Enforcement and compliance continues to be a challenge for many of the cases reported, particularly in artisanal fisheries. Community self-policing in fisheries with a limited number of participants seems to facilitate compliance with regulations and granted rights. Because of the relatively short time span in which the reported formal right-based systems have been in place, the sustainability performance of most of them cannot yet be properly assessed. The main exceptions are spiny lobster fisheries from Mexico (Baja California and Quintana Roo) and Chile (Juan Fernández Islands), in which sustainability has been achieved through a long history of informal access arrangements preceding (or coexisting with) more recently established formal privileges.Fil: Orensanz, Jose Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Seijo, Juan Carlos. Universidad de Merida; Méxic

It Permeated Everything: A Lived Experience of Slow Violence and Toxicological Disaster

Impacts of disasters on individuals are dependent on numerous factors: local to international political dynamics, socioeconomics, geography, educational background, and outside support among others. Currently, much of disaster research focuses on those of natural origin, acute and large-scale environmental events, emergency management, and the ability of individuals, communities, and societies to prepare for, and recover from, likely known disasters in their region. However, there is a lack of data about individual experiences through ‘invisible’ anthropogenic disasters, especially those that fall under the umbrella of slow environmental violence (Davies, 2019; Rice, 2016). Through critical phenomenological autoethnography, I examine an individual experience of a preventable toxicological disaster to identify political, cultural, socioeconomic, and historical forces that precipitated the events beginning April 3rd, 2014. These same forces were examined to identify how they sustained a slow, nonchalant, response to this anthropogenic disaster in a residential neighborhood. Additionally, personal impacts of slow environmental violence including those involving health, relationships, property, biophilia, financial, and legal were examined, as well as the ongoing process of resilience and recovery