Lexikalizované alternace v češtině*

 In this paper, we study specific relations between uses of the same verb lexeme that stem from changes in the linking of situational participants, valency complementations and surface syntactic positions – we refer to them as alternations. The focus is on the types that are expressed by lexical-semantic means and result in changes in valency frames of verbs. Lexicalized alternations can be exemplified by the well-known pair naložit seno na vůz – naložit vůz senem ‘to load hay on the truck – to load the truck with hay’. We present and analyze three basic types of lexicalized alternations in Czech. They may be characterized as either conversive, or non-conversive. The conversive lexicalized alternations represent central ones in the language system and are here referred to as (i) the lexical-semantic conversions (e.g., the locative alternation, the Bearer-Location alternation, Material-Product alternation, spread alternation etc.). On the other hand, the non-conversive alternations are rather peripheral; we can in64 troduce/mention? esp. (ii) different structural expressions of a single situational participant (e.g., vyjít na kopec – vyjít kopec ‘climb up the hill – climb the hill’) and (iii) the structural splitting of a situational participant (e.g., theme-dictum splitting for Czech verbs of communication and mental action). Furthermore, we propose a formal framework that allows us to represent different types of lexicalized alternations in the valency lexicon of Czech verbs, VALLEX. For this purpose, the lexicon is divided into the data component and the rule component. In the data part, each lexical unit of a given lexeme is characterized (primarily) by its valency frame; moreover, a list of applicable lexical alternations is attached to it. Presented in the rule part are general lexical rules specifying changes in the linking of situational participants and valency complementations typical of individual lexicalized alternations.

Anglické překladové protějšky české konstrukce "mít + příčestí"

Bakalářská práce se zabývá českou konstrukcí "mít" + -n/-t příčestí (např. "mít uvařeno/zakázáno"), jejími typy a jejich anglickými překladovými ekvivalenty. Angličtina nabízí více možných překladových protějšků, které se tato práce pokouší popsat. Česká konstrukce se objevuje jako prostředek diateze, jevu popsaném profesorkou Panevovou. Diateze vyjadřuje lingvistické obsahy pomocí určitých syntaktických a sémantických struktur. Její podmět většinou nenese roli agentu. Sloveso "mít" užité v diatezi má charakter pomocného slovesa. Analýza se zakládá na vzorku 100 vět z paralelního korpusu InterCorp. České příklady jsou rozděleny do tří hlavních skupin: posesivní rezultativ (s jeho podtypy "non-ambiguous" a "ambiguous"), rezultativní lokalizace a recipientní pasivum. Cílem práce je analyzovat anglické překladové protějšky těchto konstrukcí a popsat jejich sémantické a gramatické rysy. Klíčová slova: diateze, "mít", posesivní rezultativ, recipientní pasivum, překladový protějšek, sémantická roleThe BA thesis focuses on the Czech "mít" + -n/-t participle construction (e. g. "mít uvařeno/zakázáno"), its uses, and their English translation counterparts. English offers more than one equivalent for the Czech construction. This thesis, therefore, aims to demonstrate the variety of the possible counterparts. The construction is a means of expressing diathesis as it is described by Panevová et al. A diathesis uses specific syntactic and semantic structures to convey information, and its subject usually does not carry the agentive semantic role. The verb "mít" in diathesis acquires an auxiliary character. The analysis is based on 100 examples drawn from InterCorp. The instances of the Czech construction are categorized into three main groups: the possessive resultative (with its non-ambiguous and ambiguous variants), resultative localization, and the recipient passive. The thesis aims to identify their English counterparts and describe the prominent semantic and grammatical features of the translations. Keywords: diathesis, "mít", possessive resultative, recipient passive, translation counterpart, semantic roleDepartment of the English Language and ELT MethodologyÚstav anglického jazyka a didaktikyFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult