576,810 research outputs found
The Power of Peers: Rethinking Victim Assistance
Peer support is a psychological tool that can expedite recovery time and have longlasting positive results for landmine/explosive remnants of war survivors
Spatial Performance Analysis and Design Principles for Wireless Peer Discovery
In wireless peer-to-peer networks that serve various proximity-based
applications, peer discovery is the key to identifying other peers with which a
peer can communicate and an understanding of its performance is fundamental to
the design of an efficient discovery operation. This paper analyzes the
performance of wireless peer discovery through comprehensively considering the
wireless channel, spatial distribution of peers, and discovery operation
parameters. The average numbers of successfully discovered peers are expressed
in closed forms for two widely used channel models, i.e., the interference
limited Nakagami-m fading model and the Rayleigh fading model with nonzero
noise, when peers are spatially distributed according to a homogeneous Poisson
point process. These insightful expressions lead to the design principles for
the key operation parameters including the transmission probability, required
amount of wireless resources, level of modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and
transmit power. Furthermore, the impact of shadowing on the spatial performance
and suggested design principles is evaluated using mathematical analysis and
simulations.Comment: 12 pages (double columns), 10 figures, 1 table, to appear in the IEEE
Transactions on Wireless Communication
LightChain: A DHT-based Blockchain for Resource Constrained Environments
As an append-only distributed database, blockchain is utilized in a vast
variety of applications including the cryptocurrency and Internet-of-Things
(IoT). The existing blockchain solutions have downsides in communication and
storage efficiency, convergence to centralization, and consistency problems. In
this paper, we propose LightChain, which is the first blockchain architecture
that operates over a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) of participating peers.
LightChain is a permissionless blockchain that provides addressable blocks and
transactions within the network, which makes them efficiently accessible by all
the peers. Each block and transaction is replicated within the DHT of peers and
is retrieved in an on-demand manner. Hence, peers in LightChain are not
required to retrieve or keep the entire blockchain. LightChain is fair as all
of the participating peers have a uniform chance of being involved in the
consensus regardless of their influence such as hashing power or stake.
LightChain provides a deterministic fork-resolving strategy as well as a
blacklisting mechanism, and it is secure against colluding adversarial peers
attacking the availability and integrity of the system. We provide mathematical
analysis and experimental results on scenarios involving 10K nodes to
demonstrate the security and fairness of LightChain. As we experimentally show
in this paper, compared to the mainstream blockchains like Bitcoin and
Ethereum, LightChain requires around 66 times less per node storage, and is
around 380 times faster on bootstrapping a new node to the system, while each
LightChain node is rewarded equally likely for participating in the protocol
The Power of Peers : NPRMs in the EFL Classroom
Peer teaching is a reciprocal style of learning that traditionally involves older students passing knowledge to younger less capable peers. Utilising this teaching method in the EFL classroom has the potential to bridge the gap between students and materials, increase collaborative learning, and promote active learning. The aim of this paper is to report on a classroom project in which near peer role models (NPRMs) assisted in the teaching of critical incidents within a unit on intercultural communication. Results from an open-ended questionnaire and observations from the facilitator indicated participation of the NPRMs resulted in a more effective and desirable mode of delivery than the more traditional method of studying critical incidents from a textbook
A FUNCTIONAL SKETCH FOR RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN COLLABORATIVE SYSTEMS FOR BUSINESS
This paper presents a functional design sketch for the resource management module of a highly scalable collaborative system. Small and medium enterprises require such tools in order to benefit from and develop innovative business ideas and technologies. As computing power is a modern increasing demand and no easy and cheap solutions are defined, especially small companies or emerging business projects abide a more accessible alternative. Our work targets to settle a model for how P2P architecture can be used as infrastructure for a collaborative system that delivers resource access services. We are focused on finding a workable collaborative strategy between peers so that the system offers a cheap, trustable and quality service. Thus, in this phase we are not concerned about solutions for a specific type of task to be executed by peers, but only considering CPU power as resource. This work concerns the resource management module as a part of a larger project in which we aim to build a collaborative system for businesses with important resource demandsresource management, p2p, open-systems, service oriented computing, collaborative systems
Analytical reasoning task reveals limits of social learning in networks
Social learning -by observing and copying others- is a highly successful
cultural mechanism for adaptation, outperforming individual information
acquisition and experience. Here, we investigate social learning in the context
of the uniquely human capacity for reflective, analytical reasoning. A hallmark
of the human mind is our ability to engage analytical reasoning, and suppress
false associative intuitions. Through a set of lab-based network experiments,
we find that social learning fails to propagate this cognitive strategy. When
people make false intuitive conclusions, and are exposed to the analytic output
of their peers, they recognize and adopt this correct output. But they fail to
engage analytical reasoning in similar subsequent tasks. Thus, humans exhibit
an 'unreflective copying bias,' which limits their social learning to the
output, rather than the process, of their peers' reasoning -even when doing so
requires minimal effort and no technical skill. In contrast to much recent work
on observation-based social learning, which emphasizes the propagation of
successful behavior through copying, our findings identify a limit on the power
of social networks in situations that require analytical reasoning
It's the market power, stupid! Stock return patterns in international bank M&A
This paper analyzes capital market reactions to international bank M&A. We investigate combined stock return patterns of targets, bidders, and their peers upon takeover announcement, and closing or withdrawal. We distinguish five common M&A hypotheses and relate characteristic and mutually exclusive abnormal stock return patterns to each hypothesis. We find that investors believe in gains through the exploitation of market power by the post-merger entity. In a multinomial logistic model we show that patterns related to market power significantly concur with large relative target size, intra-industry mergers, and increasing market concentration, suggesting a substantial lessening of competition through M&A. --M&A,Banks,Event Study,Peer Returns,Market Power
- âŠ