A macroscopic violation of no-signaling in time inequalities? How to test temporal entanglement with behavioral observables

In this paper we applied for the \ufb01rst time the no-signaling in time (NSIT) formalism discussed by Ko\ufb02er and Brukner (2013) to investigate temporal entanglement between binary human behavioral unconscious choices at t1 with binary random outcomes at t2. NSIT consists of a set of inequalities and represents mathematical conditions for macro-realism which require only two measurements in time. The analyses of three independent experiments show a strong violation of NSIT in two out of three of them, suggesting the hypothesis of a quantum-like temporal entanglement between human choices at t1 with binary random outcomes at t2. We discuss the potentialities of using NSIT to test temporal entanglement with behavioral measures

Conciencia y naturaleza: en los límites del fisicalismo

Con la esperanza de que los conocimientos en neurociencia ayudasen a comprender al ser humano y a tratar de modo científico sus pérdidas de equilibrio mental, durante los últimos años del siglo XX se dedicaron grandes esfuerzos a la investigación del cerebro, dando lugar a la comúnmente denominada psiquiatría biológica. Sin embargo, debido a los límites y conveniencia de estos conocimientos en su aplicación práctica, junto con las dudas que proporciona la ciencia actual sobre la percepción humana, un número creciente de científicos y filósofos han abierto nuevas líneas de investigación y desarrollado nuevas hipótesis sobre la actividad mental y las relaciones mente-materia que podrían cambiar nuestra comprensión del mundo

The disjunction effect in two-stage simulated gambles. An experimental study and comparison of a heuristic logistic, Markov and quantum-like model

Savage’s rational axiom of decision making under uncertainty, called the ‘Sure Thing’ principle,was purportedly falsified in a two-stage gamble paradigm by Tversky and Shafir (1992). This workrevealed that participants would take a second-stage gamble for both possible outcomes of the initial-stage gamble, but would significantly depress this choice whennoinformation was available on theoutcome of the initial-stage gamble. Subsequent research has reported difficulty to replicate thisDisjunction Effect in the two-stage gamble paradigm. We repeated this simulated two-stage gambleparadigm in an online study (N=1119) but adapted the range of payoff amounts, and controlled theorder of the blocks of two-stage gambles with, respectively without, information on the outcomeof the first-stage gamble. The main empirical contributions of this study are that more risk averseparticipants produced i) a reliable order effect in relation to the Disjunction Effect and the violationof the Law of Total Probability, and ii) a novel inflation effect on gambling in the Unknown outcomecondition analogous but opposite to the Disjunction Effect when Unknown outcome conditionedtwo-stage gambles precede the Known outcome conditioned ones. By contrast, we found that lessrisk averse participants produced neither of these effects. We discuss the underlying choice processesand compare the effectiveness of a logistic model, a Markov model and a quantum-like model. Ourmain theoretical findings are i) a standard utility model and a Markov model using heuristic linearutility, contextual influence and carry-over effect cannot accommodate the present empirical results,and ii) a model based on quantum dynamics, matched in form to the Markov model, can successfullydescribe all major aspects of our data