Joint Dynamic Radio Resource Allocation and Mobility Load Balancing in 3GPP LTE Multi-Cell Network

Load imbalance, together with inefficient utilization of system resource, constitute major factors responsible for poor overall performance in Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. In this paper, a novel scheme of joint dynamic resource allocation and load balancing is proposed to achieve a balanced performance improvement in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE Self-Organizing Networks (SON). The new method which aims at maximizing network resource efficiency subject to inter-cell interference and intra-cell resource constraints is implemented in two steps. In the first step, an efficient resource allocation, including user scheduling and power assignment, is conducted in a distributed manner to serve as many users in the whole network as possible. In the second step, based on the resource allocation scheme, the optimization objective namely network resource efficiency can be calculated and load balancing is implemented by switching the user that can maximize the objective function. Lagrange Multipliers method and heuristic algorithm are used to resolve the formulated optimization problem. Simulation results show that our algorithm achieves better performance in terms of user throughput, fairness, load balancing index and unsatisfied user number compared with the traditional approach which takes resource allocation and load balancing into account, respectively

A survey of self organisation in future cellular networks

This article surveys the literature over the period of the last decade on the emerging field of self organisation as applied to wireless cellular communication networks. Self organisation has been extensively studied and applied in adhoc networks, wireless sensor networks and autonomic computer networks; however in the context of wireless cellular networks, this is the first attempt to put in perspective the various efforts in form of a tutorial/survey. We provide a comprehensive survey of the existing literature, projects and standards in self organising cellular networks. Additionally, we also aim to present a clear understanding of this active research area, identifying a clear taxonomy and guidelines for design of self organising mechanisms. We compare strength and weakness of existing solutions and highlight the key research areas for further development. This paper serves as a guide and a starting point for anyone willing to delve into research on self organisation in wireless cellular communication networks

Opportunities and Challenges in OFDMA-Based Cellular Relay Networks: A Radio Resource Management Perspective

The opportunities and flexibility in relay networks and orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) make the combination a suitable candidate network and air-interface technology for providing reliable and ubiquitous high-data-r

A resource aware distributed LSI algorithm for scalable information retrieval

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is one of the popular techniques in the information retrieval fields. Different from the traditional information retrieval techniques, LSI is not based on the keyword matching simply. It uses statistics and algebraic computations. Based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), the higher dimensional matrix is converted to a lower dimensional approximate matrix, of which the noises could be filtered. And also the issues of synonymy and polysemy in the traditional techniques can be overcome based on the investigations of the terms related with the documents. However, it is notable that LSI suffers a scalability issue due to the computing complexity of SVD. This thesis presents a resource aware distributed LSI algorithm MR-LSI which can solve the scalability issue using Hadoop framework based on the distributed computing model MapReduce. It also solves the overhead issue caused by the involved clustering algorithm. The evaluations indicate that MR-LSI can gain significant enhancement compared to the other strategies on processing large scale of documents. One remarkable advantage of Hadoop is that it supports heterogeneous computing environments so that the issue of unbalanced load among nodes is highlighted. Therefore, a load balancing algorithm based on genetic algorithm for balancing load in static environment is proposed. The results show that it can improve the performance of a cluster according to heterogeneity levels. Considering dynamic Hadoop environments, a dynamic load balancing strategy with varying window size has been proposed. The algorithm works depending on data selecting decision and modeling Hadoop parameters and working mechanisms. Employing improved genetic algorithm for achieving optimized scheduler, the algorithm enhances the performance of a cluster with certain heterogeneity levels

Balance de carga dinámico en redes celulares

Nuestro primer objetivo será el análisis de las prestaciones de los sistemas de balance de carga que tenga en cuenta la movilidad de los usuarios. Nuestro segundo objetivo es hallar la probabilidad de bloqueo como parámetro de mérito de prestaciones, que es la relación entre el número de sesiones nuevas bloqueadas y el número de sesiones nuevas ofrecidas. Nuestra contribución es la de diseñar y desarrollar un modelo analítico y de simulación que emule un sistema multicelular con movilidad para las técnicas de balance dinámico de carga. Hemos hecho un estudio de la probabilidad de bloqueo en un escenario realista de 3 anillos (37 células) mediante un modelo de simulación de un sistema multicelular real cuando existe movilidad. Para dar una idea del coste temporal de las simulaciones, el tiempo de simulación por punto de nuestro modelo es de 1 hora y media utilizando el entorno de simulación SMPL. Para más información acerca de SMPLMolines Villanueva, V. (2010). Balance de carga dinámico en redes celulares. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/21013.Archivo delegad

A resource aware distributed LSI algorithm for scalable information retrieval

Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is one of the popular techniques in the information retrieval fields. Different from the traditional information retrieval techniques, LSI is not based on the keyword matching simply. It uses statistics and algebraic computations. Based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), the higher dimensional matrix is converted to a lower dimensional approximate matrix, of which the noises could be filtered. And also the issues of synonymy and polysemy in the traditional techniques can be overcome based on the investigations of the terms related with the documents. However, it is notable that LSI suffers a scalability issue due to the computing complexity of SVD. This thesis presents a resource aware distributed LSI algorithm MR-LSI which can solve the scalability issue using Hadoop framework based on the distributed computing model MapReduce. It also solves the overhead issue caused by the involved clustering algorithm. The evaluations indicate that MR-LSI can gain significant enhancement compared to the other strategies on processing large scale of documents. One remarkable advantage of Hadoop is that it supports heterogeneous computing environments so that the issue of unbalanced load among nodes is highlighted. Therefore, a load balancing algorithm based on genetic algorithm for balancing load in static environment is proposed. The results show that it can improve the performance of a cluster according to heterogeneity levels. Considering dynamic Hadoop environments, a dynamic load balancing strategy with varying window size has been proposed. The algorithm works depending on data selecting decision and modeling Hadoop parameters and working mechanisms. Employing improved genetic algorithm for achieving optimized scheduler, the algorithm enhances the performance of a cluster with certain heterogeneity levels.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Self-Organising Load Balancing for OFDMA Cellular Networks

In this thesis, self-organising load balancing is investigated to deal with the uneven load distribution in OFDMA based cellular networks. In single-hop cellular networks, a self- organising cluster-based cooperative load balancing (CCLB) scheme is proposed to overcome the ‘virtual partner’ and the ‘aggravating load’ problems confronted in the conventional mobility load balancing schemes. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the call blocking probability, the handover failure rate, and the hot-spot cell’s load. The proposed CCLB scheme consists of two stages: partner cell selection and traffic shifting. In the partner cell selection stage, a user-vote assisted clustering algorithm is proposed, which jointly considers the users’ channel condition and the surrounding cells’ load. This algorithm can select appropriate neighbouring cells as partners to construct the load balancing cluster, and deal with the ‘virtual partner’ problem. In the traffic shifting stage, a relative load response model (RLRM) is designed. RLRM coordinates multiple hot-spot cells’ shifting traffic towards their public partner, thus mitigating the ‘aggravating load’ problem of the public partner. Moreover, a traffic offloading optimisation algorithm is proposed to balance the hot-spot cell’s load within the load balancing cluster and to minimise its partners’ average call blocking probability. The CCLB scheme is modified to apply in multi-hop cellular networks with relays deployed. Both fixed relay and mobile user relay scenarios are considered. For fixed relay cellular networks, a relay-level user shifting algorithm is proposed. This algorithm jointly considers users’ channel condition and spectrum usage of fixed relay, in order to reduce the handover failure rate and deal with the ‘aggravating load’ problem of fixed relay. In the mobile user relay scenario, the user relaying assisted traffic shifting algorithm is proposed to improve the link quality of shifted edge users, which brings about an increase in the achievable rate of shifted edge users and decrease in the handover failure rate