476 research outputs found
Forecasting Recharging Demand to Integrate Electric Vehicle Fleets in Smart Grids
Electric vehicle fleets and smart grids are two growing technologies. These technologies
provided new possibilities to reduce pollution and increase energy efficiency.
In this sense, electric vehicles are used as mobile loads in the power grid. A distributed
charging prioritization methodology is proposed in this paper. The solution is based
on the concept of virtual power plants and the usage of evolutionary computation
algorithms. Additionally, the comparison of several evolutionary algorithms, genetic
algorithm, genetic algorithm with evolution control, particle swarm optimization, and
hybrid solution are shown in order to evaluate the proposed architecture. The proposed
solution is presented to prevent the overload of the power grid
Ancillary Services in Hybrid AC/DC Low Voltage Distribution Networks
In the last decade, distribution systems are experiencing a drastic transformation
with the advent of new technologies. In fact, distribution networks are no longer passive
systems, considering the current integration rates of new agents such as distributed generation,
electrical vehicles and energy storage, which are greatly influencing the way these systems are
operated. In addition, the intrinsic DC nature of these components, interfaced to the AC system
through power electronics converters, is unlocking the possibility for new distribution topologies
based on AC/DC networks. This paper analyzes the evolution of AC distribution systems,
the advantages of AC/DC hybrid arrangements and the active role that the new distributed agents
may play in the upcoming decarbonized paradigm by providing different ancillary services.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ENE2017-84813-RUnión Europea (Programa Horizonte 2020) 76409
Scenarios for the development of smart grids in the UK: literature review
Smart grids are expected to play a central role in any transition to a low-carbon energy future, and much research is currently underway on practically every area of smart grids. However, it is evident that even basic aspects such as theoretical and operational definitions, are yet to be agreed upon and be clearly defined. Some aspects (efficient management of supply, including intermittent supply, two-way communication between the producer and user of electricity, use of IT technology to respond to and manage demand, and ensuring safe and secure electricity distribution) are more commonly accepted than others (such as smart meters) in defining what comprises a smart grid.
It is clear that smart grid developments enjoy political and financial support both at UK and EU levels, and from the majority of related industries. The reasons for this vary and include the hope that smart grids will facilitate the achievement of carbon reduction targets, create new employment opportunities, and reduce costs relevant to energy generation (fewer power stations) and distribution (fewer losses and better stability). However, smart grid development depends on additional factors, beyond the energy industry. These relate to issues of public acceptability of relevant technologies and associated risks (e.g. data safety, privacy, cyber security), pricing, competition, and regulation; implying the involvement of a wide range of players such as the industry, regulators and consumers.
The above constitute a complex set of variables and actors, and interactions between them. In order to best explore ways of possible deployment of smart grids, the use of scenarios is most adequate, as they can incorporate several parameters and variables into a coherent storyline. Scenarios have been previously used in the context of smart grids, but have traditionally focused on factors such as economic growth or policy evolution. Important additional socio-technical aspects of smart grids emerge from the literature review in this report and therefore need to be incorporated in our scenarios. These can be grouped into four (interlinked) main categories: supply side aspects, demand side aspects, policy and regulation, and technical aspects.
Electric Power Grid Resilience to Cyber Adversaries: State of the Art
© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
The smart electricity grids have been evolving to a more complex cyber-physical ecosystem of infrastructures with integrated communication networks, new carbon-free sources of powergeneratio n, advanced monitoring and control systems, and a myriad of emerging modern physical hardware
technologies. With the unprecedented complexity and heterogeneity in dynamic smart grid networks comes additional vulnerability to emerging threats such as cyber attacks. Rapid development and deployment of advanced network monitoring and communication systems on one hand, and the growing interdependence of the electric power grids to a multitude of lifeline critical infrastructures on the other, calls for holistic defense strategies to safeguard the power grids against cyber adversaries. In order to improve the resilience of the power grid against adversarial attacks and cyber intrusions, advancements should be sought on
detection techniques, protection plans, and mitigation practices in all electricity generation, transmission,
and distribution sectors. This survey discusses such major directions and recent advancements from a lens
of different detection techniques, equipment protection plans, and mitigation strategies to enhance the
energy delivery infrastructure resilience and operational endurance against cyber attacks. This undertaking
is essential since even modest improvements in resilience of the power grid against cyber threats could lead
to sizeable monetary savings and an enriched overall social welfare
Cybersecurity Challenges of Power Transformers
The rise of cyber threats on critical infrastructure and its potential for
devastating consequences, has significantly increased. The dependency of new
power grid technology on information, data analytic and communication systems
make the entire electricity network vulnerable to cyber threats. Power
transformers play a critical role within the power grid and are now commonly
enhanced through factory add-ons or intelligent monitoring systems added later
to improve the condition monitoring of critical and long lead time assets such
as transformers. However, the increased connectivity of those power
transformers opens the door to more cyber attacks. Therefore, the need to
detect and prevent cyber threats is becoming critical. The first step towards
that would be a deeper understanding of the potential cyber-attacks landscape
against power transformers. Much of the existing literature pays attention to
smart equipment within electricity distribution networks, and most methods
proposed are based on model-based detection algorithms. Moreover, only a few of
these works address the security vulnerabilities of power elements, especially
transformers within the transmission network. To the best of our knowledge,
there is no study in the literature that systematically investigate the
cybersecurity challenges against the newly emerged smart transformers. This
paper addresses this shortcoming by exploring the vulnerabilities and the
attack vectors of power transformers within electricity networks, the possible
attack scenarios and the risks associated with these attacks.Comment: 11 page
A review of architectures and concepts for intelligence in future electric energy system
Renewable energy sources are one key enabler to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and to cope with the anthropogenic climate change. Their intermittent behavior and limited storage capabilities present a new challenge to power system operators to maintain power quality and reliability. Additional technical complexity arises from the large number of small distributed generation units and their allocation within the power system. Market liberalization and changing regulatory framework lead to additional organizational complexity. As a result, the design and operation of the future electric energy system have to be redefined. Sophisticated information and communication architectures, automation concepts, and control approaches are necessary in order to manage the higher complexity of so-called smart grids. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art and recent developments enabling higher intelligence in future smart grids. The integration of renewable sources and storage systems into the power grids is analyzed. Energy management and demand response methods and important automation paradigms and domain standards are also reviewed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A survey on smart grid potential applications and communication requirements
Information and communication technologies (ICT)
represent a fundamental element in the growth and performance
of smart grids. A sophisticated, reliable and fast communication
infrastructure is, in fact, necessary for the connection among the
huge amount of distributed elements, such as generators, substations,
energy storage systems and users, enabling a real time exchange
of data and information necessary for the management of
the system and for ensuring improvements in terms of efficiency,
reliability, flexibility and investment return for all those involved
in a smart grid: producers, operators and customers. This paper
overviews the issues related to the smart grid architecture from
the perspective of potential applications and the communications
requirements needed for ensuring performance, flexible operation,
reliability and economics.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=9424hb2016Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineerin
A Distributed IoT Infrastructure to Test and Deploy Real-Time Demand Response in Smart Grids
© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
In this paper, we present a novel distributed framework for real-time management and co-simulation of demand response (DR) in smart grids. Our solution provides a (near-) real-time co-simulation platform to validate new DR-policies exploiting Internet-of-Things approach performing software-in-the-loop. Hence, the behavior of real-world power systems can be emulated in a very realistic way and different DR-policies can be easily deployed and/or replaced in a plug-and-play fashion, without affecting the rest of the framework. In addition, our solution integrates real Internet-connected smart devices deployed at customer premises and along the smart grid to retrieve energy information and send actuation commands. Thus, the framework is also ready to manage DR in a real-world smart grid. This is demonstrated on a realistic smart grid with a test case DR-policy
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