Navigation in hypermedia learning systems: Experts vs. novices

With the advancement of Web technology, hypermedia learning systems are becoming more widespread in educational settings. Hypermedia learning systems present course content with non-sequential formats, so students are required to develop learning paths by themselves. Yet, empirical evidence indicates that not all students can benefit from hypermedia learning. Research into individual differences suggests that prior knowledge has significant effects on student learning in hypermedia systems, with experts and novices showing different preferences to the use of hypermedia learning systems and requiring different levels of navigation support. It is therefore essential to develop a mechanism to help designers understand the needs of experts and novices. To address this issue, this paper presents a framework to illustrate the needs of students with different levels of prior knowledge by analyzing the findings of previous research. The overall aim of this framework is to integrate students’ prior knowledge into the design of hypermedia learning systems. Finally, implications for the design of hypermedia learning systems are discussed

Adolescent Literacy and Textbooks: An Annotated Bibliography

A companion report to Carnegie's Time to Act, provides an annotated bibliography of research on textbook design and reading comprehension for fourth through twelfth grade, arranged by topic. Calls for a dialogue between publishers and researchers

The Impact Of Information Richness On Information Security Awareness Training Effectiveness

In recent years, rapid progress in the use of the internet has resulted in huge losses in many organizations due to lax security. As a result, information security awareness is becoming an important issue to anyone using theInternet. To reduce losses, organizations have made information security awareness a top priority. The threemain barriers to information security awareness are: (1) general security awareness, (2) employees’ computerskills, and (3) organizational budgets. Online learning appears a feasible alternative to providing information security awareness and countering these three barriers. Research has identified three levels of security awareness: perception, comprehension and projection. This paper reports on a laboratory experiment thatinvestigates the impacts of hypermedia, multimedia and hypertext to increase information security awareness among the three awareness levels in an online training environment. The results indicate that: (1) learners who have the better understanding at the perception and comprehension levels can improve understanding at the projection level; (2) learners with text material perform better at the perception level; and (3) learners withmultimedia material perform better at the comprehension level and projection level. The results could be used by educators and training designers to create meaningful information security awareness material

Towards a framework for attention cueing in instructional animations: Guidelines for research and design

This paper examines the transferability of successful cueing approaches from text and static visualization research to animations. Theories of visual attention and learning as well as empirical evidence for the instructional effectiveness of attention cueing are reviewed and, based on Mayer’s theory of multimedia learning, a framework was developed for classifying three functions for cueing: (1) selection—cues guide attention to specific locations, (2) organization—cues emphasize structure, and (3) integration—cues explicate relations between and within elements. The framework was used to structure the discussion of studies on cueing in animations. It is concluded that attentional cues may facilitate the selection of information in animations and sometimes improve learning, whereas organizational and relational cueing requires more consideration on how to enhance understanding. Consequently, it is suggested to develop cues that work in animations rather than borrowing effective cues from static representations. Guidelines for future research on attention cueing in animations are presented

ImpacT2 project: preliminary study 1: establishing the relationship between networked technology and attainment

This report explored teaching practices, beliefs and teaching styles and their influences on ICT use and implementation by pupils. Additional factors explored included the value of school and LEA policies and teacher competence in the use of ICT in classroom settings. ImpaCT2 was a major longitudinal study (1999-2002) involving 60 schools in England, its aims were to: identify the impact of networked technologies on the school and out-of-school environment; determine whether or not this impact affected the educational attainment of pupils aged 816 years (at Key Stages 2, 3, and 4); and provide information that would assist in the formation of national, local and school policies on the deployment of IC

Self-Assessments of Knowledge: Where Do We Go From Here?

[Excerpt] In this paper, we argue that there remain several unanswered questions surrounding self-assessments of knowledge that must be addressed before we can reach a more definitive conclusion on the viability of these measures. The answers to these questions may provide further evidence that self-assessments should not be used as an indicator of learning or they may serve to qualify the conditions under which self-assessments can be used with reasonable confidence. In either case, addressing these issues is critical if work in this area is to influence how researchers and practitioners evaluate trainees’ learning

Applying psychological science to the CCTV review process: a review of cognitive and ergonomic literature

As CCTV cameras are used more and more often to increase security in communities, police are spending a larger proportion of their resources, including time, in processing CCTV images when investigating crimes that have occurred (Levesley & Martin, 2005; Nichols, 2001). As with all tasks, there are ways to approach this task that will facilitate performance and other approaches that will degrade performance, either by increasing errors or by unnecessarily prolonging the process. A clearer understanding of psychological factors influencing the effectiveness of footage review will facilitate future training in best practice with respect to the review of CCTV footage. The goal of this report is to provide such understanding by reviewing research on footage review, research on related tasks that require similar skills, and experimental laboratory research about the cognitive skills underpinning the task. The report is organised to address five challenges to effectiveness of CCTV review: the effects of the degraded nature of CCTV footage, distractions and interrupts, the length of the task, inappropriate mindset, and variability in people’s abilities and experience. Recommendations for optimising CCTV footage review include (1) doing a cognitive task analysis to increase understanding of the ways in which performance might be limited, (2) exploiting technology advances to maximise the perceptual quality of the footage (3) training people to improve the flexibility of their mindset as they perceive and interpret the images seen, (4) monitoring performance either on an ongoing basis, by using psychophysiological measures of alertness, or periodically, by testing screeners’ ability to find evidence in footage developed for such testing, and (5) evaluating the relevance of possible selection tests to screen effective from ineffective screener

Adolescent Literacy and the Achievement Gap: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go From Here?

Reviews research and program initiatives focused on improving adolescent academic achievement by targeting literacy. Provides ideas for collaboration and coordination of funding efforts to improve the literacy achievement of under-performing adolescents

The Influence of Digital Storytelling on English Literacy Skills of EFL Learners

La narración digital (DST, por sus siglas en inglés) es una herramienta que actualmente se considera para enseñar inglés de manera creativa y entretenida, pero no es un instrumento nuevo; ha estado presente desde la década de los 90. Según algunos investigadores, DST se ha vuelto más popular como objeto de estudio por su influencia en las habilidades de lectoescritura de los estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera (EFL, por sus siglas en inglés) a partir de 2008. Esta síntesis de investigación busca determinar los impactos más significativos de DST en las habilidades de lecto-escritura de los estudiantes de EFL mediante la recopilación, evaluación y análisis de veinte estudios. Además, esta investigación examina los beneficios, dificultades y cómo DST influye en las habilidades de lecto-escritura de los estudiantes. Asimismo, intenta analizar la motivación de los profesores en cuanto a la implementación de esta herramienta en el aula. Por lo tanto, los estudios que se tendrán en cuenta son aquellos publicados en inglés, desde 2008 hasta 2022, y estudios relacionados con DST en el campo de la enseñanza. Los resultados de esta investigación han mostrado efectos positivos en los estudiantes cuyos profesores utilizaron DST para enseñar inglés. De hecho, estos estudiantes mostraron una mejora en sus habilidades de lectura (comprensión y capacidad). Además, el uso de esta herramienta mejoró la motivación, gramática, vocabulario, escritura y originalidad de los estudiantes. Por lo tanto, DST es considerada una herramienta que mejora las habilidades de lecto-escritura de los estudiantes y hace que el proceso de enseñanza de EFL sea más fácil, agradable e innovador.Digital storytelling (DST) is a tool that has been considered for teaching English in a creative and entertaining way nowadays, but it is not a new instrument; it has been around since the 1900s. According to some researchers, DST has become more popular as a subject of study for its influence on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ literacy from 2008 onwards. This research synthesis seeks to determine the most significant impacts of DST on EFL learners’ literacy skills by gathering, evaluating, and analyzing twenty studies. Moreover, this research examines the benefits and difficulties of DST and how it influences students’ literacy skills. Furthermore, it also aims to analyze teachers’ motivation toward the implementation of this tool in the classroom. Therefore, the studies considered for this research synthesis are those published in English from 2008 to 2022 and studies related to DST in the teaching field. The results of this research have shown positive effects on the learners whose teachers used DST for teaching English. Indeed, these students showed an improvement in their reading skills (comprehension and ability). In addition, the use of this tool enhanced the students’ motivation, grammar, vocabulary, writing skills, and originality. Hence, DST is considered a tool that improves students’ literacy skills and makes the EFL teaching process, easier, delightful, and innovative.0000-0001-6561-685