117 research outputs found

    EDiT - Enabling Distributed Teams: Eine Methode zur Identifikation und ErschlieĂźung von Verbesserungspotenzialen in der standortverteilten Produktentwicklung = EDiT-Enabling Distributed Teams: A method for identifying and exploiting improvement potentials in distributed product development

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    Um die Vorteile der standortverteilten Produktentwicklung ausschöpfen zu können, ist es notwendig, die Herausforderungen der standortverteilten Produktentwicklung frühzeitig zu erkennen und anzugehen. Daher ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit die Entwicklung einer Methode, die Produktentwicklungsteams dazu befähigt, Verbesserungspotenziale der standortverteilten Zusammenarbeit innerhalb einer Organisation basierend auf der individuellen Entwicklungssituation zu identifizieren und zu erschließen. Dazu wird aufbauend auf den Grundlagen des Stands der Forschung ein Verständnis für die Charakteristika der standortverteilten Produktentwicklung geschaffen. Durch die Analyse möglicher Ursachen von Herausforderungen in standortverteilten Produktentstehungsaktivitäten in den Dimensionen Mensch, Technologie und Organisation werden zunächst Indikatoren möglicher negativer Auswirkungen auf die Effizienz und Effektivität in der standortverteilten Produktentwicklung abgeleitet. Diese werden zu sechs Kritikalitätsfaktoren zusammengefasst: Digitale Infrastruktur, Planung und Prozesse, Entwicklungsteam, Entwicklungsaufgabe, Ressourcenverfügbarkeit sowie Kommunikation und Wissenstransfer. Anschließend werden 10 Handlungsfelder der Produktentwicklung identifiziert, welche einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf den Erfolg von standortverteilten Produktentwicklungsprozessen aufweisen und damit als Stellhebel zum Entgegenwirken der Ursachen negativer Auswirkungen auf die Effizienz und Effektivität dienen. Zu den einflussreichsten Handlungsfeldern zählen Zielverständnis und Vision, Informationen, Daten und Wissensmanagement sowie (virtuelle) Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit. Anschließend wird anhand des Zielsystems an eine Methode zur Befähigung von Produktenwicklungsteams zur Identifikation und Erschließung von Verbesserungspotenzialen in der standortverteilten Zusammenarbeit die EDiT-Methode (Enabling Distributed Teams) iterativ entwickelt. Die EDiT-Methode unterstützt einen, auf die standortverteilte Produktentwicklung ausgelegten Problemlösungsprozess entlang der SPALTEN-Methode zur kontinuierlichen Verbesserung der standortverteilten Zusammenarbeit. Um die situationsgerechte Anpassung und nutzerzentrierte Anwendung der EDiT-Methode zu unterstützen, wird die Methode in einem Online Leitfaden umgesetzt und mithilfe von vier Anwendungsvarianten Spiel Team Space, Workshop-Anwendung, Retrospektive und individuelle Tools veranschaulicht. Zur Analyse des Beitrags, den die Anwendung der entwickelten EDiT-Methode leistet, wird die EDiT-Methode iterativ in unterschiedlichen Reifegraden sowie in den Validierungsumgebungen Feld, Live-Lab und Labor insgesamt in neun Validierungsiterationen angewendet. Die Auswertung der Validierungsiterationen legt dar, dass sich durch die Anwendung, der in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Methode, individuelle Verbesserungspotenziale der standortverteilten Zusammenarbeit in den Produktentwicklungsaktivitäten identifizieren und erschließen lassen. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere in den quantitativen Nachweisen des Effekts, die statistisch signifikante Verbesserungen in den betrachteten Potenzialfeldern deutlich machen

    The effects of intra-organisational collaboration in reducing uncertainties for enhancing the performance of innovation projects : the role of organisational learning

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    Innovation is essential for business prosperity and a major driver of success and sustainability in today’s world. The history of organisation-level innovation projects (products, services and processes) is rich with cases of great ideas that failed to be realised as well as those creative ideas that ended in remarkable success. The rate of reported failure of innovation projects is however, much higher than reported success. Innovation project uncertainty is considered a key reason for innovation project failure (García-Quevedo et al. 2018). Scholars in innovation management studies confirm that uncertainty is a natural and intrinsically inherent characteristic of innovation projects (Roper & Tapinos 2016; Um & Kim 2018). A knowledge gap about how to reduce uncertainty in order to enhance innovation project performance however, persists. Indeed, extant research on managing innovation projects is for the most part theoretical and lacks empirical evidence regarding effective organisational practices that reduce innovation project uncertainty for successful project performance. This research responds to this lack of empirical evidence by proposing intra-organisational collaboration as an organisational practice, and empirically examining its impact on reducing innovation project uncertainty and improving innovation project performance, whilst considering the mediation role of organisational learning in this relationship. Based on a systematic literature review, this research develops a comprehensive conceptual framework that assesses the relationships between intra-organisational collaboration, organisational learning, innovation project uncertainty reduction and innovation project performance in the context of innovation projects. The thesis draws on the three most common sources of innovation project uncertainty: task, market and technological in examining how innovation project uncertainty can be reduced through intra-organisational collaboration. Additionally, it integrates previous studies to conceptualise intra-organisational collaboration as a multi-dimensional construct made up of by five sub-constructs: collaborative relationship, collaborative leadership, communication and sharing information, trust formation, and commitment. The findings of this research offer several insights into the context of innovation projects. First these findings highlight the need for organisations to embed collaborative practices in their project’s environment. This research found that collaborative practices operated dialectically in enhancing organisational learning and enabled project members to manage complicated tasks, foresee future demand and market changes as well as solve technological problems. These collaborative practices allowed project members to successfully reduce innovation project uncertainty and enhance project performance

    Conflict in Virtual Teams: a bibliometric analysis, systematic review, and research agenda

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    Design/methodology/approach: A dataset of 107 relevant papers on the topic was retrieved using the Web of Science Core Collection database covering a period ranging from 2001 to 2019. A comparative bibliometric analysis consisting of the integration of results from the citation, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling was performed to identify the most influential papers. The systematic literature review complemented the bibliometric results by clustering the most influential papers. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to map the intellectual structure of the research concerning conflict and conflict management in virtual teams (VT), to contribute to the further integration of knowledge among different streams of research, and to develop an interpretative framework to stimulate future research. Findings: The results revealed different intellectual structures across several types of analyses. Despite such differences, 41 papers resulted as the most impactful and provided evidence of the emergence of five thematic clusters: trust, performance, cultural diversity, knowledge management, and team management. Research limitations/implications: Based on the bibliometric analyses an interpretative research agenda has been developed that unveils the main future research avenues. The paper also offers important theoretical contributions by systematizing knowledge on conflict in identifying VTs. Managerial contributions in the form of the identification of best practices are also developed to guide conflict management in VTs. Originality/value: The uniqueness of this paper is related to its effort in studying, mapping, and systematizing the knowledge concerning the topic of handling conflicts in VTs. Considering the current contingencies this research is particularly timely

    L’impact de la GRH sur le succès des projets : revue de littérature et synthèse

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    Travail Dirigé présenté à la Faculté des arts et des sciences – École de relations industrielles en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en Relations Industrielles.La gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) comprend les pratiques et les politiques destinées à gérer le capital humain dans le but de la réalisation des objectifs des organisations. La GRH a été reconnue comme un déterminant important de la réussite des organisations et de leur compétitivité durable dans un monde en mutation. Au cours des dernières décennies, la structure des organisations dans de nombreuses industries différentes a changé de façon spectaculaire. En particulier dans les secteurs à forte intensité de connaissances, les organisations sont passées de structures permanentes à des entités qui ont de plus en plus recours à des projets pour atteindre leurs objectifs. Les projets sont des tâches complexes qui peuvent faire appel à un large éventail de compétences pour atteindre un ensemble prédéfini d'objectifs approuvés par les parties prenantes dans un temps et un budget limité. Les caractéristiques inhérentes aux projets, telles que le caractère temporaire, la complexité, l'incertitude et l'interfonctionnalité, à tous les stades, de la définition du projet à son exécution, imposent des défis et des opportunités uniques aux membres de l'équipe, aux gestionnaires de projet et aux autres entités chargées de la mise en oeuvre des politiques de GRH. Tout en permettant à l'organisation de bénéficier de la plus grande expertise pour effectuer des tâches hautement spécialisées et en permettant au personnel d'apprendre continuellement en participant à différents projets, les défis des projets peuvent conduire à la perte de capital humain et à l'échec s'ils ne sont pas gérés de manière appropriée. Néanmoins, compte tenu des différences considérables entre les projets et les environnements de travail traditionnels, les pratiques de GRH peuvent-elles encore être pertinentes et déterminantes pour la réussite des projets ? De plus, quels sont les défis spécifiques aux environnements de travail des projets qui doivent être pris en compte dans la conception et la mise en oeuvre des pratiques de GRH pour les équipes de projet ? Dans cette recherche, la littérature disponible est analysée afin de mettre en évidence les aspects distinctifs de l'environnement de travail basé sur des projets et d'évaluer si et comment les pratiques de GRH peuvent déterminer le succès des projets et des organisations. Human resource management (HRM) comprises practices and policies designed to direct the human capital toward realizing the organizations’ goals. HRM has been acknowledged as a significant determinant of organizational success and sustainable competitiveness in the changing world. Over the past few decades, the structure of organizations in many different industries has dramatically changed. Especially in knowledge-intensive sectors, organizations have shifted from permanent structures toward entities that increasingly employ projects to reach their goals. Projects are complex tasks that can involve a wide range of expertise to reach a predefined set of objectives approved by the stakeholders over a finite time and budget. The inherent characteristics of projects, such as temporariness, complexity, uncertainty, and cross-functionality, in all stages from project definition to implementation, impose unique challenges and opportunities for the team members, project managers, and other entities in charge of implementing the HRM policies. While allowing flexibility for the organization to benefit from the highest expertise to perform highly specialized tasks and allowing personnel to learn continuously through participating in different projects, project challenges can lead to loss of human capital and failure if not appropriately managed. Nevertheless, considering the dramatic differences between project and traditional work settings, can HRM practices still be relevant and determinant in project success? Moreover, what challenges specific to the project work settings must be accounted for in designing and implementing HRM practices for project teams? In this research, the available literature is analyzed to highlight the distinguishing aspects of the project-based work environment and evaluating whether and how HRM practices can determine the success of the projects and the organizations

    WHEN FUTURE WORKSHOPS LEAD TO INNOVATIVE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS WITHIN PBL LEARNING COMMUNITIES

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    National Stereotyping, Identity Politics, European Crises (Volume 27)

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    The articulation of collective identity by means of a stereotyped repertoire of exclusionary characterizations of Self and Other is one of the longest-standing literary traditions in Europe and as such has become part of a global modernity. Recently, this discourse of Othering and national stereotyping has gained fresh political virulence as a result of the rise of “Identity Politics”. What is more, this newly politicized self/other discourse has affected Europe itself as that continent has been weathering a series of economic and political crises in recent years. The present volume traces the conjunction between cultural and literary traditions and contemporary ideologies during the crisis of European multilateralism. Contributors: Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė, Jürgen Barkhoff, Stefan Berger, Zrinka Blažević, Daniel Carey, Ana María Fraile, Wulf Kansteiner, Joep Leerssen, Hercules Millas, Zenonas Norkus, Aidan O’Malley, Raúl Sánchez Prieto, Karel Šima, Luc Van Doorslaer,Ruth Woda

    How Does the Use of a Social Studies Video Game Affect Student Learning?

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    In normal times, middle school social studies teachers are challenged to provide their students with curriculum that is both relevant and engaging in the 21st century. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced teachers across the United States to utilize remote instruction and an unprecedented integration of technology to engage and communicate with students. Long after the pandemic when teachers adjust to a new normal, technology will continue to play an integral role to help middle school students become active citizens and leaders. Although video games may not be the first choice for teachers, many middle school children already regularly use games to socialize, communicate, and learn. While video games are not a panacea for student engagement and learning, they provide opportunities to reinforce and enhance learning while engaging students with a technological tool that many students prefer. In this study, purposefully selected 7th grade middle school students from a southeastern state in the United States were interviewed prior to and after playing the video game “Do I Have a Right?” during the COVID-19 pandemic. NVivo software was used for coding and data analytics. Findings showed that learning on multiple levels occurred for the participants while highilighting the relevance of a constructivist philosophy in teaching. This research demonstrated the importance of reflection to reinforce learning and to promote higher levels of thinking

    Actual issues of modern development of socio-economic systems in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic

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    The entire world community, since 2019, affected by the global pandemic COVID-19. The pandemic caused by this virus, led not only to significant human losses worldwide, but also imposed significant restrictions on the socio-cultural life of the population and radically changed the trends of the global economy and the further functioning of socio-economic systems. Now, huge economic losses have been recorded, which affected almost all sectors of the national economy and the state in the short, medium and long term. However, it is important to consider individual economic development forecasts and measures developed by the governments of the world’s leading countries to overcome the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This will allow to form a real vision of the possible course of economic processes that will directly affect the living standards of the population and the restoration of socio-economic systems. To further restore the socio-economic system it is necessary to developing modern strategies and forecasts to ensure the effective functioning of economic entities through innovation, digitalization, marketing and use of competitive advantages in the consumer markets in conditions of limited resources, development promising sectors of the national economy, etc. The purpose of writing this scientific monograph is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations, the formation new strategies for restoring socio-economic systems and overcoming the negative consequences of the caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account changes and challenges in the modern world. The object of the authors’ research is the process of forming new approaches, strategies and mechanisms for managing socio-economic systems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, eliminating the negative consequences in the activities of economic entities. The subject of research is socio-economic, organizational and institutional processes of formation and effective implementation of approaches, strategies and mechanisms for managing socio-economic systems; stabilization of the functioning of economic entities; introduction of innovative processes and digital technologies; implementation of best practices in the managing of socio-economic systems using world experience in various sectors of the economy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic
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