Globalization and Workers in Developing Countries

Stories on the positive and negative effects of globalization on workers in developing countries abound. But a comprehensive picture is missing and many of the stories are ideologically charged. This paper reviews the academic literature on the subject, including several studies currently under way, and derives the complications for public policy. First, it deals with the effects of openness to trade, foreign direct investment and financial crisis on averages wages. Second, it discusses the impact of exposure to world markets on the dispersion of wages by occupation, skill and gender. Third, it describes the pattern of job destruction and job creation associated with globalization. Because these two processes are not synchronized, the fourth issue addressed is the impact an unemployment rates. Fifth, the paper reviews the labor market policies that can be used to offset the adverse impacts of globalization on employment and labor earnings. Finally, it discusses how the international community could encourage developing countries to adopt sound labor market policies in the context of globalization.

Ecodevelopment, Gender, and Empowerment: Perspectives from India’s Protected Area Communities

Book abstract: Feminism has re-shaped the way we think about equality, power relations and social change. Recent feminist scholarship has provided new theoretical frameworks, methodologies and empirical analyses of how gender and feminism are situated within the development process.Global Perspectives on Gender and Space: Engaging Feminism and Development draws upon this framework to explore the effects of globalization on development in diverse geographical contexts. It explores how women’s and men’s lives are gendered in specific spaces as well as across multiple landscapes

"Feminist-Kaleckian Macroeconomic Policy for Developing Countries"

This paper reviews evidence of the gender effects of globalization in developing economies. It then outlines a set of macroeconomic and trade policies to promote gender equity. The evidence suggests that while liberalization has expanded women's access to employment, the long-term goal of transforming gender inequalities remains unmet and appears unattainable without state intervention in markets. This paper sets forth some general principles that can produce greater gender equality, premised on shifting from economies that are profit led and export oriented to those that are wage led and full-employment oriented. The framework is Kaleckian in its focus on the relationship between the gender distribution of income and macroeconomic outcomes.

"Globalization: Challenges and Opportunities"

The word globalization, as commonly used, is largely a descriptive and not an analytical category. This paper attempts to give the term analytic content. It then focuses on both the positive and normative analysis of globalization. Trade, environment, finance and gender issues receive special attention. A global governance structure based on transparent principles of both economic efficiency and social justice is shown to be a desirable state of affairs; however, the present fractured process of globalization is more likely to end up in regionalism or even national protectionism and rivalry. Multilateral cooperation on the basis of the framework advanced here is an urgent necessity.

Religion, gender and globalization

The theme of this write –up caption ‘Religion, Gender and Globalization’. So, this paper seeks to critically examine religion: its historical viewpoint, it etymological perspectives, various views of scholars to the understanding of religion as well as the impact of religion on the society. It shall also look at gender: gender analysis, gender equality and equity and the impact of gender on the society. It shall further look at globalization and it impact on the society. However, this work shall give the researcher the opportunity to do a critical study through the use of a resource materials and also involving directly in a library research that need the secondary sources of documentation not necessarily the primary sources of documentation that involve the participant’s observation, through issuing of questionnaire or personal interview. As a matter of fact, this is a scholarly research work. So, religion as the key terms simply denotes as a belief in the Transcendental Being or a Supreme Being that has a systematic principle of ‘dogma’ that guide the individual adherent or worshipper in their various religion and gender which deals with the socially determined characteristics of an individual in the society as well as globalization which involve the social structural development in the society. Religion, gender and globalization have a social implication both on the individual and society at large

The Globalized World and Gender Rights in Nigeria: The Gains, the Losses

Globalization is all about making things Global. It is a phenomenon that integrates local products, services and cultures into a global culture defined by the world’s economic and political super powers. The global flow of capital, commodities people and information which is the hallmark of globalization connotes equal exchanges and sharing of goods and services between countries and cultures. There are however, fears that globalization is creating increased gender inequalities. Nigeria like most other Sub-Saharan African States, exists with entrenched and endemic gender inequality. This article appraises globalization and its effect in general, and ultimately to determine its effect (positive and negative) on gender equality and rights in Nigeria

Patriarchy: the Missing Link in Understanding Globalization’s Impact upon Women

This study explores the link between globalization and patriarchy to assess the resulting implications for female development around the world. The purpose of this study is to utilize patriarchy as a frame for addressing and analyzing globalization. It can be concluded that globalization is masculine based on who holds the decision-making power when formulating, advocating, implementing, and evaluating globalization. These aspects have been disproportionately male dominated since the emergence of globalization as an economic system. Therefore, a gender gap emerged because women are largely absent from the equation. This study determines that globalization is largely a manifestation of patriarchy and adversely affects women worldwide through a lack of consideration for women’s issues, promoting goal-oriented growth without protective measures, and an overwhelming focus on the public sphere (politics and economics) and disregard for the private sphere (home and family life). Since males dominate the political, economic, and social arenas worldwide, it places them in a privileged position compared to women. Because of this proliferation of patriarchal ideals, it created separates spheres of gender dominance (women dominating the private sphere) and a gender hierarchy placing privileged men at the very top. The study concludes that globalization does not fail women because it is a substandard economic strategy or oppresses women like certain regime types or economic systems; but it does negatively impact women because it applies masculine values and perspectives to a multi-gendered problem

"Globalization and Regional Co-operation in South Asia: A Political and Social Economy Approach"

This paper analyzes the problems of regional co-operation in South Asia within a general political and social economy approach towards a "fractured or fragmented globalization". The word globalization, as commonly used, is largely a descriptive and not an analytical category. This paper attempts to give the term analytic content. It then focuses on both the positive and normative analysis of globalization. Trade, environment, finance and gender issues receive special attention. A global governance structure based on transparent principles of both economic efficiency and social justice is shown to be a desirable state of affairs; however, the present fractured process of globalization is more likely to end up in regionalism or even national protectionism and rivalry. Multilateral co-operation on the basis of the framework advanced here is an urgent necessity. For South Asia, such multilateral regional co-operation presents some special difficulties. But the paper argues that these difficulties, while challenging, can be overcome. The preconditions and prospects for building South Asian regional co-operation are discussed and a specific set of recommendations are offered.

The Influence of Globalization on the Female Gender: The Igbo Example

Gender issues, as contemporary discourse, may be said to be relative according to the understanding of its studies with emphasis on the meaning attached to it by those who study them. Nevertheless, it will be relevant to examine how globalization has effected or influenced the environment in which they exist. For example, gender issues in Europe may or may not be the same as in other countries due to a lot of factors. But looking at the universal nature of globalization and the subject of female gender, differences are bound to occur without disparaging the universal nature of basic human traits that make us ethnic, traditional or tribal men and women; the existence or disappearance of racial differences is paramount to interaction and relationships.This study looks at Igbo female gender and its relationship with proponents in the outside world. It scores the global female environment and the possible barriers faced by some cultural groups and how it helps to form new groups: that make social change positive towards cultural growth. Suggestions are made on how globalization could promote culture and positive governance without sacrificing traditional traits, status or values.

Globalization and Migration: The Great Gender Equalizer?

Globalization has been extensively debated in a range of contexts, from trade to borders, international relations, and conflict. It appears to be a positive force for women as many scholars contend that it has offered women new opportunities, thus enhancing greater gender equality in many countries where traditional patriarchal structures are firmly entrenched. However, some scholars are more skeptical of the benefits of globalization for women. They note that despite women gaining an increasing share of employment opportunities in a globalized world, the expected redistribution of domestic, household, and childcare responsibilities often did not materialize. They also argue that multinational corporations appear to uphold patriarchal systems, as these entities often view women’s labor as generally cheaper and more expendable than men’s labor. In this paper, the intricacies between globalization, migration, and gender are examined in order to investigate gender inequality and its consequences as well as the ways in which international migration is facilitated by globalization. Our review of relevant scholarship in these areas reveals that globalization has adversely affected women in both the Global North and the Global South, but the consequences to women in the latter are even more profound. The feminization of migration brought about by globalization has resulted in many challenges to women, including disruptions to family life and to the children left behind when mothers migrate to other countries in search of employment. It has also resulted in women’s position in society becoming more vulnerable as there is very little protection afforded to them as migrants, thus exposing them to many dangers such as sexual harassment. The findings above suggest that creating and implementing gender-responsive, equitable, and effective labor migration policies for migrant women should be prioritized and should be the shared responsibility of both countries of origin and countries of destination