Foreign exchange risk premia: from traditional to state-space analyses

This paper examines foreign exchange risk premia from simple univariate regressions to the state-space method. The adjusted traditional regressions properly figure out the existence and time-evolving property of the risk premia. Successively, the state-space estimations overall are quite rationally competent in examining the essence of time variability of the unobservable risk premia. To be more precise, the coefficients on the lagged estimated time-series are significant and the disturbance combined from the observation and transition equations in the state-space system, rational and premium errors, respectively, is statistically white noise. Such the two residuals are discovered to move oppositely with their covariance approaching zero suggested by the empirics. Besides, foreign exchange risk premia are projected and found significantly stationary at level and relatively volatile throughout time with some clustering. This volatility is however not quite dominant in the deviations of forward prediction errors

The essence of time : the workflow and process for timesheets

This paper addresses hours worked and timekeeping at the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources

Immanuel Kant's Idea of Time vs. Norbert Elias’ Critique on his Conception

Abstract: In his Critique of Pure Reason, Kant describes time as the formal condition on which all phenomena are based upon. He considers it as a one-dimensional subject, that is not an empirical perception, which is given a priori and nothing else but the form of an inner sense. Elias contradicts this, as he differentiates between a social time and a physical time. He demands an understanding for the relation between time in ’society' and in ’nature'. Elias states that languages (he specifically mentions German) often don't have a word that would be equivalent to the English term “timing". For Elias ’time' is part of the fifth dimension, the dimension of symbols, of experience, of awareness. Only this makes it possible to find out and know what time really is in a social context, a specific synthesis of occurrences, that has to be learned in higher developed societies that are based on the division of labour. Elias mentions ’time', but he states that it's only a synchronisation of positions in the seriatim of events

Competing ideologies of Russia's civil society

Many analysts and public opinion makers in the West conflate the notions of Russia’s non-systemic liberal opposition and the country’s civil society. Indeed, despite garnering the support of a minority of Russia’s population, non-systemic liberal opposition represents a well-organized civic group with a clearly articulated agenda and the ability to take action. Yet, does Russia’s civil society end there? A closer look at the country’s politics shows that Russia has a substantial conservative-traditionalist faction that has also developed agenda for action and formulated opinions. This group is anti-liberal rather than illiberal ideologically and pro-strong state/pro a geopolitically independent Russia rather than pro-Kremlin politically. The interaction between liberal and conservative civic groups represents the battle of meanings, ideas, and ethics, and ultimately determines the future trajectory of Russia’s evolution. Thus, the analysis of Russia’s civil society must represent a rather more nuanced picture than a mere study of the liberal non-systemic opposition. This article will examine the complexity of Russia’s civil society scene with reference to the interplay between the liberal opposition and conservative majority factions. The paper will argue that such complexity stems from ideological value pluralism that falls far beyond the boundaries of the liberal consensus, often skewing our understanding of political practice in Russia

ESENSI PENCIPTAAN ALAM SEMESTA DALAM KONSEP RUANG DAN WAKTU PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT MUHAMMAD IQBAL

ABSTRACT Space and time are cosmological issues that present a long dialogue between philosophers and scientists. Whether space and time are objective or subjective, dynamic or fixed. The method used in writing this article is descriptive qualitative with a literature approach. The results of the analysis of the concept of space and time in Muhammad Iqbal's philosophy to understand the essence of the creation of the universe, namely Iqbal based the process of creating the universe on the Qur'an, the continuation of time in 6 periods / day. Space as a container of things, and for Iqbal the quality of travel in time is the most significant aspect of experience, receives special emphasis in the Qur'an, which provides the best clues about the true nature of reality. The essence of time for Iqbal is spiritual. The basic nature of reality is spiritual, the time spent is filled with spiritual strengthening, by subduing the human ego, the God entity within him will unite. God's space and time by the Qur'an is called the unul kitab with a universe that is free from the network of causes and effects compiled from one super-eternal present. &nbsp

ESENSI PENCIPTAAN ALAM SEMESTA DALAM KONSEP RUANG DAN WAKTU PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT MUHAMMAD IQBAL

ABSTRACT Space and time are cosmological issues that present a long dialogue between philosophers and scientists. Whether space and time are objective or subjective, dynamic or fixed. The method used in writing this article is descriptive qualitative with a literature approach. The results of the analysis of the concept of space and time in Muhammad Iqbal's philosophy to understand the essence of the creation of the universe, namely Iqbal based the process of creating the universe on the Qur'an, the continuation of time in 6 periods / day. Space as a container of things, and for Iqbal the quality of travel in time is the most significant aspect of experience, receives special emphasis in the Qur'an, which provides the best clues about the true nature of reality. The essence of time for Iqbal is spiritual. The basic nature of reality is spiritual, the time spent is filled with spiritual strengthening, by subduing the human ego, the God entity within him will unite. God's space and time by the Qur'an is called the unul kitab with a universe that is free from the network of causes and effects compiled from one super-eternal present. &nbsp