1,652 research outputs found
The ARPANET after twenty years
The ARPANET began operations in 1969 with four nodes as an experiment in resource sharing among computers. It has evolved into a worldwide research network of over 60,000 nodes, influencing the design of other networks in business, education, and government. It demonstrated the speed and reliability of packet-switching networks. Its protocols have served as the models for international standards. And yet the significance of the ARPANET lies not in its technology, but in the profound alterations networking has produced in human practices. Network designers must now turn their attention to the discourses of scientific technology, business, education, and government that are being mixed together in the milieux of networking, and in particular the conflicts and misunderstandings that arise from the different world views of these discourses
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Issues in multi-media information networks
In an integrated service environment, where users exchange various types of aural and visual information, networks should appear friendly to its users providing tools for management of multi-media information. Networks should also efficiently satisfy diverse performance requirements of different information being exchanged.In this paper we present new architecture for integrated service networks being investigated and developed by the Distributed Computation and Communication Group at the Department of Computer Science in the Columbia University. Research efforts are devoted to developing both (1) document management software to allow users to manipulate and relate text/graphics/voice information in a dynamic way, and (2) a tree network architecture for reliable and efficient exchange of multi-media information
The ISIS Project: Real Experience with a Fault Tolerant Programming System
The ISIS project has developed a distributed programming toolkit and a collection of higher level applications based on these tools. ISIS is now in use at more than 300 locations world-wise. The lessons (and surprises) gained from this experience with the real world are discussed
The augmented knowledge workshop
The story of my involvement with on-line workstations begins in early 1951, with a vision and a life-time professional commitment. Over thirty-four years of pursuit have created a lot o
Government Policies toward Information and Communication
The development of what one might call 'modern' systems of information and communication began with the Gutenberg printing press in the 15th century, and progressed through the prepaid postal system, electric telegraph and telephone in the 19th century, radio and television broadcasting in the 20th century, and most recently the Internet. This essay focuses on the response of governments to these innovations, beginning with the printing press. United Nations DESA Discussion Paper No. 21 (October 2001).internet, printing press, telegraph, telephone, broadcasting, information and communication technologies (ICT)
Submicron Systems Architecture Project : Semiannual Technical Report
The Mosaic C is an experimental fine-grain multicomputer
based on single-chip nodes. The Mosaic C chip includes 64KB of fast dynamic RAM,
processor, packet interface, ROM for bootstrap and self-test, and a two-dimensional selftimed
router. The chip architecture provides low-overhead and low-latency handling of
message packets, and high memory and network bandwidth. Sixty-four Mosaic chips are
packaged by tape-automated bonding (TAB) in an 8 x 8 array on circuit boards that can, in
turn, be arrayed in two dimensions to build arbitrarily large machines. These 8 x 8 boards are
now in prototype production under a subcontract with Hewlett-Packard. We are planning
to construct a 16K-node Mosaic C system from 256 of these boards. The suite of Mosaic
C hardware also includes host-interface boards and high-speed communication cables. The
hardware developments and activities of the past eight months are described in section 2.1.
The programming system that we are developing for the Mosaic C is based on the
same message-passing, reactive-process, computational model that we have used with earlier
multicomputers, but the model is implemented for the Mosaic in a way that supports finegrain
concurrency. A process executes only in response to receiving a message, and may in
execution send messages, create new processes, and modify its persistent variables before
it either exits or becomes dormant in preparation for receiving another message. These
computations are expressed in an object-oriented programming notation, a derivative of
C++ called C+-. The computational model and the C+- programming notation are
described in section 2.2. The Mosaic C runtime system, which is written in C+-, provides
automatic process placement and highly distributed management of system resources. The
Mosaic C runtime system is described in section 2.3
Submicron Systems Architecture Project: Semiannual Technial Report
No abstract available
A prototype integrated medical workstation environment
Abstract
In this paper the requirements, design, and implementation of a prototype integrated medical workstation environment are outlined. The aim of the workstation is to provide user-friendly, task-oriented support for clinicians, based on existing software and data. The prototype project has been started to investigate the technical possibilities of graphical user-interfaces, network technology, client-server approaches, and software encapsulation. Experience with the prototype encouraged discussion on both the limitations and the essential features for an integrated medical workstation
A Network Compatible Display Protocol
At present IIASA offers to its scientific community a set of basic, but limited computer graphics capabilities. Recent computer-program development in the graphics area has created greater demand and more awareness of the possibilities of computer graphics as a visualization tool in modeling. Some other application fields, like the use of graphics as a tool for program development, were still not touched at IIASA.
In response to this demand, IIASA decided to order additional graphics hardware (display terminals and graphics compatible printers) and to invest a certain amount of resources into the generation of appropriate software. It is not the aim of this paper to discuss the benefits of graphics, but rather to identify the general graphics software requirements for IIASA and to propose a possible way of meeting them
The Beginnings and Prospective Ending of âEnd-to-Endâ: An Evolutionary Perspective On the Internetâs Architecture
The technology of âthe Internetâ is not static. Although its âend-to- endâ architecture has made this âconnection-lessâ communications system readily âextensible,â and highly encouraging to innovation both in hardware and software applications, there are strong pressures for engineering changes. Some of these are wanted to support novel transport services (e.g. voice telephony, real-time video); others would address drawbacks that appeared with opening of the Internet to public and commercial traffic - e.g., the difficulties of blocking delivery of offensive content, suppressing malicious actions (e.g. âdenial of serviceâ attacks), pricing bandwidth usage to reduce congestion. The expected gains from making âimprovementsâ in the core of the network should be weighed against the loss of the social and economic benefits that derive from the âend-to-endâ architectural design. Even where technological âfixesâ can be placed at the networksâ edges, the option remains to search for alternative, institutional mechanisms of governing conduct in cyberspace.
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