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Astrophysical Probes of the Constancy of the Velocity of Light
We discuss possible tests of the constancy of the velocity of light using
distant astrophysical sources such as gamma-ray bursters (GRBs), Active
Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) and pulsars. This speculative quest may be motivated by
some models of quantum fluctuations in the space-time background, and we
discuss explicitly how an energy-dependent variation in photon velocity \delta
c/ c \sim - E / M arises in one particular quantum-gravitational model. We then
discuss how data on GRBs may be used to set limits on variations in the
velocity of light, which we illustrate using BATSE and OSSE observations of the
GRBs that have recently been identified optically and for which precise
redshifts are available. We show how a regression analysis can be performed to
look for an energy-dependent effect that should correlate with redshift. The
present data yield a limit M \gsim 10^{15} GeV for the quantum gravity scale.
We discuss the prospects for improving this analysis using future data, and how
one might hope to distinguish any positive signal from astrophysical effects
associated with the sources.Comment: 37 pages LaTeX, 9 eps figures included, uses aasms4.st
Isotropy of the velocity of light and the Sagnac effect
In this paper, it is shown, using a geometrical approach, the isotropy of the
velocity of light measured in a rotating frame in Minkowski space-time, and it
is verified that this result is compatible with the Sagnac effect. Furthermore,
we find that this problem can be reduced to the solution of geodesic triangles
in a Minkowskian cylinder. A relationship between the problems established on
the cylinder and on the Minkowskian plane is obtained through a local isometry.Comment: LaTeX, 13 pages, 3 eps figures; typos corrected, added references,
minor changes; to appear in "Relativity in Rotating Frames", ed. G. Rizzi G.
and M.L. Ruggiero, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2003
Studies of Variability in Proto-Planetary Nebulae: II. Light and Velocity Curve Analyses of Iras 22272+5435 and 22223+4327
We have carried out a detailed observational study of the light, color, and
velocity variations of two bright, carbon-rich proto-planetary nebulae, IRAS
22223+4327 and 22272+5435. The light curves are based upon our observations
from 1994 to 2011, together with published data by Arkhipova and collaborators.
They each display four significant periods, with primary periods for IRAS
22223+4327 and 22272+5435 being 90 and 132 days, respectively. For each of
them, the ratio of secondary to primary period is 0.95, a value much different
from that found in Cepheids, but which may be characteristic of post-AGB stars.
Fewer significant periods are found in the smaller radial velocity data sets,
but they agree with those of the light curves. The color curves generally mimic
the light curves, with the objects reddest when faintest. A comparison in
seasons when there exist contemporaneous light, color, and velocity curves
reveals that the light and color curves are in phase, while the radial velocity
curves are 0.25 out of phase with the light curves. Thus they differ from what
is seen in Cepheids, in which the radial velocity curve is 0.50 P out of phase
with the light curve. Comparison of the observed periods and amplitudes with
those of post-AGB pulsation models shows poor agreement, especially for the
periods, which are much longer than predicted. These observational data,
particularly the contemporaneous light, color, and velocity curves, provide an
excellent benchmark for new pulsation models of cool stars in the post-AGB,
proto-planetary nebula phase.Comment: 15 Figures plus Erratu
Conventionality of Simultaneity and Reality
An important epistemological lesson can be learned from the impossibility to determine the one-way velocity of light and the immediate implication that simultaneity is conventional. The vicious circle -- to determine whether two distant events are simultaneous we need to know the one-way velocity of light between them, but to determine the one-way velocity of light we need to know that the two events are simultaneous -- is an indication of the need for a profound change of our view on reality
Does the velocity of light depend on the source movement?
Data from spacecrafts tracking exhibit many anomalies that suggest the
dependence of the speed of electromagnetic radiation with the motion of its
source. This dependence is different from that predicted from emission theories
that long ago have been demonstrated to be wrong. By relating the velocity of
light and the corresponding Doppler effect with the velocity of the source at
the time of detection, instead of the time of emission, it is possible to
explain quantitatively and qualitatively the spacecraft anomalies. Also, a
formulation of electromagnetism compatible with this conception is possible
(and also compatible with the known electromagnetic phenomena). Under this
theory the influence of the velocity of the source in the speed of light is
somewhat subtle in many practical situations and probably went unnoticed in
other phenomena.Comment: Minor changes. Some text was rearranged for clarity purpose. Figure 1
was corrected and actual error was included. arXiv admin note: substantial
text overlap with arXiv:1407.500
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