Chronicle of a Pandemic Foretold. CEPS Policy Insights No 2020-05 / March 2020

In just a few weeks, COVID-19 appeared in China and quickly spread to the rest of the world, including Europe and the United States. Many have rushed to describe the outbreak as a ‘black swan’ – an unpredictable event with extremely severe consequences. However, COVID-19 was not only predictable ex post: it was amply predicted ex ante. This allows us to draw some preliminary lessons: • First, economic policy will need to shift from its current focus on efficiency, towards a greater emphasis on resilience and sustainability. • Second, a more centralised governance to address health emergencies is needed. • Third, Europe should create a centre for the prevention of large-scale risks. • Fourth, digital technologies, if handled with care, can be an important part of both a mitigation and a response strategy. • Fifth, Europe should improve its science advice and communication functions. Finally, there are many ways to pursue enhanced resilience and responsiveness, but not all of them are compatible with sustainability and democratic values. The challenge is to find an adequate policy mix, which safeguards individual rights and liberties, protects the economy, and at the same time strengthens government preparedness for cases of epidemics and pandemics

IoT for Global Development to Achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: The New Scenario After the COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 has not affected all countries equally: developing countries have been more disadvantaged by the pandemic. Regarding global development, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced a step back in the path to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs most negatively affected by the pandemic are identified here: education, health, and work. Then using the SDGs as a reference, this research explores the new challenges faced by developing countries and the impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) after COVID-19's emergence. IoT solutions carried out in developing countries during the pandemic have been identified and reviewed. Successful Internet of Things for Development (IoT4D) projects, in relation to the SDGs, are highlighted. New social and technical challenges that have emerged for the IoT4D as a consequence of the pandemic are then studied. This work concludes that the future of IoT4D in the wake of COVID-19 should focus on the use of low-cost IoT devices for the SDGs most affected by the pandemic. After an exhaustive study, the Intelligent Internet of Things (IIoT) has been determined to be a key actor in the pandemic's wake, with a leading role in the health sector. The proposed approach includes an extensive study of the new role of the IoT4D for achieving the SDGs in our forever changed world.This work was supported by the European Commission through Urban Innovative Actions of the EPIU Getafe Project under Grant UIA04-212. The work of Ascensión López-Vargas was supported by the University of Jaén, ``Ayudas de la EDUJA para la realización de estancias para la obtención de Mención Internacional,'' in 2019. The work of Agapito Ledezma was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) under Grant RTI2018-096036-B-C22/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. The work of Araceli Sanchis was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) under Grant PID2019-104793RB-C31/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Implications for Rural Economies

This paper presents a rapid assessment of current and likely future impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on rural economies given their socio-economic characteristics. Drawing principally on current evidence for the UK, as well as lessons from the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease outbreak and the 2007/8 financial crises, it outlines the likely key demand and supply effects, paying attention to the situation for agriculture as well as discussing the implications for rural communities. A distinction is made between the effects on businesses offering goods and services for out-of-home as opposed to in-home consumption. Gendered dimensions are also noted as likely business and household strategies for coping and adaptation. The paper concludes with a brief mapping of a research agenda for studying the longer-term effects of COVID-19 on rural economies

The Impact and Strategy for Combating the Outbreak Covid-19 in Student

This study aims to find the social impact, morals, and strategies for dealing with COVID-19 among students. Another goal is to find out the social, religious and psychological impact of COVID-19 on students at Ibn Khaldun University, Bogor. The research method approach uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with the head of the student class. The sample was selected through a purposive technique. The results were carefully examined through triangulation. The results showed that students could not establish social relations between students and did not participate in campus social organizations. Another finding, the Covid-19 outbreak has an impact on student morals because online meetings are more difficult to foster student morals because teachers do not meet students. In addition, students experience various stresses due to piling tasks and online learning does not face various obstacles such as difficulty communicating with lecturers and not understanding the material. Students take various ways to overcome stress such as listening to favourite music, watching YouTube, playing games, getting enough rest, eating favourite foods such as eating meatballs, straightening intentions, and also strengthening worship and getting closer to God

COVID-19 what have we learned? The rise of social machines and connected devices in pandemic management following the concepts of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine

A comprehensive bibliographic review with R statistical methods of the COVID pandemic in PubMed literature and Web of Science Core Collection, supported with Google Scholar search. In addition, a case study review of emerging new approaches in different regions, using medical literature, academic literature, news articles and other reliable data sources. Public responses of mistrust about privacy data misuse differ across countries, depending on the chosen public communication strategy