Nonlinear wave equations

The analysis of nonlinear wave equations has experienced a dramatic growth in the last ten years or so. The key factor in this has been the transition from linear analysis, first to the study of bilinear and multilinear wave interactions, useful in the analysis of semilinear equations, and next to the study of nonlinear wave interactions, arising in fully nonlinear equations. The dispersion phenomena plays a crucial role in these problems. The purpose of this article is to highlight a few recent ideas and results, as well as to present some open problems and possible future directions in this field

Binary Evolution and the Progenitor of SN 1987A

Since the majority of massive stars are members of binary systems, an understanding of the intricacies of binary interactions is essential for understanding the large variety of supernova types and sub-types. I therefore briefly review the basic elements of binary evolution theory and discuss how binary interactions affect the presupernova structure of massive stars and the resulting supernovae. SN 1987A was a highly anomalous supernova, almost certainly because of a previous binary interaction. The most likely scenario at present is that the progenitor was a member of a massive close binary that experienced dynamical mass transfer during its second red-supergiant phase and merged completely with its companion as a consequence. This can naturally explain the three main anomalies of SN 1987A: the blue color of the progenitor, the chemical anomalies and the complex triple-ring nebula.Comment: Proceedings for the conference "SN 1987A: Ten Years After", eds. M. M. Phillips and N. B. Suntzeff, which took place in 1997, but which still has to appear in print. Proceedings are made public as a source of historical referenc

Genes2Networks: Connecting Lists of Proteins by Using Background Literature-based Mammalian Networks

In recent years, in-silico literature-based mammalian protein-protein interaction network datasets have been developed. These datasets contain binary interactions extracted manually from legacy experimental biomedical research literature. Placing lists of genes or proteins identified as significantly changing in multivariate experiments, in the context of background knowledge about binary interactions, can be used to place these genes or proteins in the context of pathways and protein complexes.
Genes2Networks is a software system that integrates the content of ten mammalian literature-based interaction network datasets. Filtering to prune low-confidence interactions was implemented. Genes2Networks is delivered as a web-based service using AJAX. The system can be used to extract relevant subnetworks created from “seed” lists of human Entrez gene names. The output includes a dynamic linkable three color web-based network map, with a statistical analysis report that identifies significant intermediate nodes used to connect the seed list. Genes2Networks is available at http://actin.pharm.mssm.edu/genes2networks.
Genes2Network is a powerful web-based software application tool that can help experimental biologists to interpret high-throughput experimental results used in genomics and proteomics studies where the output of these experiments is a list of significantly changing genes or proteins. The system can be used to find relationships between nodes from the seed list, and predict novel nodes that play a key role in a common function

Climate dynamics experiments using a GCM simulations

The study of surface-atmosphere interactions has begun with studies of the effect of altering the ocean and land boundaries. A ten year simulation of global climate using observed sea surface temperature anomalies has begun using the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM1). The results for low resolution (R15) were computed for the first 8 years of the simulation and compared with the observed surface temperatures and the MSU (Microwave Sounding Unit) observations of tropospheric temperature. A simulation at higher resolution (T42) was done to ascertain the effect of interactive soil hydrology on the system response to an El Nino sea surface temperature perturbation. Initial analysis of this simulations was completed