A solid-state digital temperature recorder for space use

A solid-state, digital, temperature recorder has been developed for use in space experiments. The recorder is completely self-contained and includes a temperature sensor; all necessary electronics for signal conditioning, processing, storing, control and timing; and a battery power supply. No electrical interfacing with the particular spacecraft on which the unit is used is required. The recorder is small, light, and sturdy, and has no moving parts. It uses only biocompatible materials and has passed vibration and shock spaceflight qualification tests. The unit is capable of storing 2048, -10 to +45 C, 8-bit temperature measurements taken at intervals selectable by factors of 2 from 1.875 to 240 min; data can be retained for at least 6 months. The basic recorder can be simplified to accommodate a variety of applications by adding memory to allow more data to be recorded, by changing the front end to permit measurements other than temperature to be made, and by using different batteries to realize various operating periods. Stored flight data are read out from the recorder by means of a ground read-out unit

Heating the 9th Street Interchange: Construction and Initial Operation

The 9th-Street interchange was designed and constructed with an automated, electrical heating system for snow and fee removal. This report describes the heating system, its construction, and initial operation. The heating system was capable of keeping the interchange free of ice and snow accumulation. The average daily slab temperature fell below 32°F (0°C) on only one occasion. The average cost of electrical power for heating the interchange was $905 per day

Three and half decades of research on controlled atmosphere storage of grains under nitrogen and recent utilization of the technology in Nigeria: Presentation

A major breakthrough of Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI) is in the development of Inert Atmosphere Metal Silo (IAMS) in bulk grain storage for suitability of the climate, adoption and utilization in Nigeria. This technology uses nitrogen gas to achieve a controlled atmosphere (N2-CA) or environment for the control of stored products pests infestation and damage. Achieved 100% mortality of all life adults and immature stages of stored products insect pests; inhibited mould growth, maintained biochemical composition of stored grain and germinability (85% -91%) recorded at 12 months of storage. The system has been used to effectively store white maize, groundnut, Ife brown cowpea, wheat, paddy rice and yellow sorghum for periods of 12 – 48 months. The only system that has ability to store cowpea which cannot be stored in conventional silos. Research activities commenced from laboratory trials to pilot scale and later to medium and commercial levels. Shading the IAMS top against direct sun effect with palm fronds or hood for insulation prevented moisture migration and condensation, and maintained temperature below 30 oC in stored grain. A return per unit on investment of 0.44 was recorded when utilized for storage of wheat for a period of 48 months. IAMS has economic advantages over conventional silos which require frequency of pesticides application, turning of grains to prevent caking, food poisoning and high cost of labour. The recent utilization of this technology is due to increased awareness and demands for availability of grains for food safety, quality and nutrition. IAMS is being taken up by some entrepreneurs, marketers and Landmark University, Omu-Aru, Kwara state for grain storage in Nigeria. This technology is available for use at smallholder, medium, commercial and strategic grain reserve levels. Three and half decades of application of IAMS technology in grain storage in Nigeria is discussed.A major breakthrough of Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI) is in the development of Inert Atmosphere Metal Silo (IAMS) in bulk grain storage for suitability of the climate, adoption and utilization in Nigeria. This technology uses nitrogen gas to achieve a controlled atmosphere (N2-CA) or environment for the control of stored products pests infestation and damage. Achieved 100% mortality of all life adults and immature stages of stored products insect pests; inhibited mould growth, maintained biochemical composition of stored grain and germinability (85% -91%) recorded at 12 months of storage. The system has been used to effectively store white maize, groundnut, Ife brown cowpea, wheat, paddy rice and yellow sorghum for periods of 12 – 48 months. The only system that has ability to store cowpea which cannot be stored in conventional silos. Research activities commenced from laboratory trials to pilot scale and later to medium and commercial levels. Shading the IAMS top against direct sun effect with palm fronds or hood for insulation prevented moisture migration and condensation, and maintained temperature below 30 oC in stored grain. A return per unit on investment of 0.44 was recorded when utilized for storage of wheat for a period of 48 months. IAMS has economic advantages over conventional silos which require frequency of pesticides application, turning of grains to prevent caking, food poisoning and high cost of labour. The recent utilization of this technology is due to increased awareness and demands for availability of grains for food safety, quality and nutrition. IAMS is being taken up by some entrepreneurs, marketers and Landmark University, Omu-Aru, Kwara state for grain storage in Nigeria. This technology is available for use at smallholder, medium, commercial and strategic grain reserve levels. Three and half decades of application of IAMS technology in grain storage in Nigeria is discussed

Symbols for Instrument Flowsheets and Drawings. A Recommended System for Application to ORNL Instrument Work

Details concerning a recommended system of flow-plan symbols and drawings are given. The system is designed to identify the function of all major instrument components and to show schematically the operation of the instrument relative to the particular process. The system is used for identification and designation. (J.R.D.