Turn-taking Irregularities by African American Characters in the Movie "Why Do Fools Fall in Love"

This research dealt with the kinds of turn-taking irregularities in the conversation among the four main African American characters in the movie "Why Do Fools Fall in Love", the reasons of those kinds of turn-taking irregularities, and which reason occurred the most frequently. This research was descriptive qualitative. The findings showed that the four African American characters in the movie tended to overlap others because they wanted to clarify, reject, or complete others\u27 utterance, and show annoyance

Beyond Turn-taking

The article discusses several epistemological and methodological issues related to the analysis of discourse in general and of educational talk in particular. The theoretical framework provided by conversation analysis (CA) is applied and critically discussed in the analysis of an empirical example of educational talk. Several questions seem pertinent: Can we - as analysts - have direct access to talk "as it actually occurs", independent of any kind of theorizing and predefined categorization? What is the epistemological status of the conversation analytic categories? What are the limitations of applying turn-taking as an analytical category in the study of talk? To what extent can we presume the knowledgeability of the interlocutors as a premise in our analysis? On the background of my own attempts at applying CA in the analysis of educational discourse, I argue for a widening of the perspective from a narrow, empiricist focus on conversational turn-takings and sequential organization of talk, for example in the handling of issues like silences and absences in talk. On the other hand, I also warn against the pitfalls of historicist, abstract social theory; here exemplified with some texts from theorists applying abstract philosophical categories from dialectical and historical materialism like "the law of contradiction" as explanatory tools in the study of situated action. In the study of educational meaning making we should avoid empiricist as well as historicist approaches and explanations

Turn-Taking Mechanisms in Imitative Interaction: Robotic Social Interaction Based on the Free Energy Principle

This study explains how the leader-follower relationship and turn-taking could develop in a dyadic imitative interaction by conducting robotic simulation experiments based on the free energy principle. Our prior study showed that introducing a parameter during the model training phase can determine leader and follower roles for subsequent imitative interactions. The parameter is defined as , the so-called meta-prior, and is a weighting factor used to regulate the complexity term versus the accuracy term when minimizing the free energy. This can be read as sensory attenuation, in which the robot’s prior beliefs about action are less sensitive to sensory evidence. The current extended study examines the possibility that the leader-follower relationship shifts depending on changes in during the interaction phase. We identified a phase space structure with three distinct types of behavioral coordination using comprehensive simulation experiments with sweeps of of both robots during the interaction. Ignoring behavior in which the robots follow their own intention was observed in the region in which both s were set to large values. One robot leading, followed by the other robot was observed when one was set larger and the other was set smaller. Spontaneous, random turn-taking between the leader and the follower was observed when both s were set at smaller or intermediate values. Finally, we examined a case of slowly oscillating in anti-phase between the two agents during the interaction. The simulation experiment resulted in turn-taking in which the leader-follower relationship switched during determined sequences, accompanied by periodic shifts of s. An analysis using transfer entropy found that the direction of information flow between the two agents also shifted along with turn-taking. Herein, we discuss qualitative differences between random/spontaneous turn-taking and agreed-upon sequential turn-taking by reviewing both synthetic and empirical studies.journal articl

Turn Taking System in TRANS7 “Indonesia Lawak Klub”

Manusia menggunakan bahasa untuk berkomunikasi. Dalam suatu proses komunikasi, seseorang menyampaikan suatu pesan kepada orang lain melalui sebuah ujaran dimana setiap ujaran memiliki makna tertentu yang ditujukan kepada pendengar. Sebuah komunikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik dengan adanya sistem alih wicara. Sistem alih wicara adalah sistem yang mengatur jalannya komunikasi antar pembicara dengan pembicara yang lain. Oleh karena itu, penulis tertarik mengamati fenomena sistem alih wicara pada percakapan di dalam acara ‘Indonesia Lawak Klub’ yang ditayangkan pada 18 Februari 2015 di TRANS7. Acara ini merupakan suatu acara bincang-bincang komedi yang dihadiri beberapa komedian ternama. Untuk mengetahui fenomena-fenomena di dalam sistem alih wicara yang terjadi di dalam percakapan, penulis menggunakan teori Turn Taking System. Penulis menulis project ini untuk memaparkan fenomena-fenomena sistem alih wicara yang terjadi pada percakapan tersebut. Data yang digunakan berupa keseluruhan ujaran dalam percakapan tersebut. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan teori Purposeful Sampling Technique. Dalam menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan Metode Deskriptif Kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa fenomena-fenomena di dalam sistem alih wicara banyak terjadi pada percakapan tersebut

Modelling Participant Affect in Meetings with Turn-Taking Features

This paper explores the relationship between turn-taking and meeting affect. To investigate this, we model post-meeting ratings of satisfaction, cohesion and leadership from participants of AMI corpus meetings using group and individual turn-taking features. The results indicate that participants gave higher satisfaction and cohesiveness ratings to meetings with greater group turn-taking freedom and individual very short utterance rates, while lower ratings were associated with more silence and speaker overlap. Besides broad applicability to satisfaction ratings, turn-taking freedom was found to be a better predictor than equality of speaking time when considering whether participants felt that everyone they had a chance to contribute. If we include dialogue act information, we see that substantive feedback type turns like assessments are more predictive of meeting affect than information giving acts or backchannels. This work highlights the importance of feedback turns and modelling group level activity in multiparty dialogue for understanding the social aspects of speech

Pass the Ball: Enforced Turn-Taking in Activity Tracking

We have developed a mobile application called Pass The Ball that enables users to track, reflect on, and discuss physical activity with others. We followed an iterative design process, trialling a first version of the app with 20 people and a second version with 31. The trials were conducted in the wild, on users' own devices. The second version of the app enforced a turn-taking system that meant only one member of a group of users could track their activity at any one time. This constrained tracking at the individual level, but more successfully led users to communicate and interact with each other. We discuss the second trial with reference to two concepts: social-relatedness and individual-competence. We discuss six key lessons from the trial, and identify two high-level design implications: attend to "practices" of tracking; and look within and beyond "collaboration" and "competition" in the design of activity trackers