Opažanja sjeveroistočno-jadranske bure pomoću satelita TerraSAR-X: rani rezultati

Some early results of the TerraSAR-X observations of the northeastern Adriatic bora wind are presented in this paper. TerraSAR-X is a German X-band radar satellite launched in 2007 that carries phased array X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) operating in different polarizations and providing multiple imaging modes. SAR backscatter can be used to derive wind fields at spatial resolution that no other instrument can provide. Terrain-induced jet and wake patterns are particularly conductive to the SAR-instrument examination. Bora, a cold and dry downslope wind blowing from north-easterly directions on the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea, exhibits such a response. Since bora is primarily winter wind and the town of Senj is known for frequent and severe bora episodes we focus on TerraSAR-X scenes collected in the winters of 2011 and 2012 over an area with Senj roughly in its center. Recently developed XMOD2 geophysical model function is used for wind magnitude derivation, whereas the WRF model was employed to estimate the wind direction. The selected TerraSAR-X scenes have captured representative bora events exhibiting rich details in bora-induced jet and wake patterns on the lee of the Dinaric Alps. The details registered in the normalized radar cross section response strongly suggest the need for still higher resolution numerical simulations in order to properly model the orographic impact on and the fine details in the surface wind field. Comparisons with both research and operational modeling results indicate that the currently used geophysical model function may benefit from enlarging the matchup data base with samples of severe winds.U radu su prikazani rani rezultati detekcije bure na sjeveroistočnoj strani Jadrana pomoću satelita TerraSAR-X. TerraSAR-X je njemački satelit lansiran 2007. godine koji nosi „phased- array“ radar sintetičke aperture (SAR) s mogućnošću rada uz različite polarizacije i uz više načina snimanja. Povratno zračenje instrumenta SAR može se iskoristiti za određivanje polja vjetra uz prostorno razlučivanje koje ne omogućuje ni jedan drugi instrument. Područja niskih mlaznih struja i zavjetrinske tišine, uzrokovana terenom, posebno su podatni za ispitivanja pomoću instrumenta SAR. Bura - hladan, suh i jak planinski vjetar koji puše iz sjeverno istočnih smjerova na istočnoj strani Jadranskog mora, izaziva spomenuti odziv. Kako je bura primarno zimski vjetar a senjsko područje poznato po čestim epizodama olujne bure, rad je fokusiran na TerraSAR-X scene registrirane tijekom zima 2011. i 2012. godine u širem području približno centriranom na Senj. Nedavno razvijena geofizička modelska funkcija XMOD2 korištena je za određivanje brzine vjetra a WRF model za procjenu njegova smjera. Odabrane TerraSAR scene pokrivaju reprezentativne epizode bure te pokazuju bogatstvo detalja u daljinskim zapisima niskih mlaznih struja i zavjetrinskih struktura koji nastaju na jadranskoj strani Dinarida. Detalji zabilježeni u odzivnom normaliziranom radarskom presjeku uvjerljivo sugeriraju potrebu još boljeg prostornog razlučivanja u numeričkim simulacijama da bi se ispravno modeliralo orografski utjecaj i detalje pripovršinskog polja vjetra. Usporedbe s rezultatima, kako istraživačkog tako i operativnog modeliranja, ukazuju da bi proširenje baždarne baze podataka uzorcima olujnog i orkanskog vjetra moglo poboljšati geofizičku modelsku funkciju

Summary of Research 1998, Department of Oceangraphy

The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.This report contains summaries of research projects in the Department of Oceanography. A list of recent publications is also included which consists of conference presentations and publications, books, contributions to books, published journal papers, technical reports, and thesis abstracts

Wave modelling in coastal and inner seas

In the long term development of the research on wind waves and their modelling, in particular of the inner and coastal seas, the present situation is framed with a short look at the past, a critical analysis of the present capabilities and a foresight of where the field is likely to go. After a short introduction, Chapter 2 deals with the basic processes at work and their modelling aspects. Chapter 3 highlights the interaction with wind and currents. Chapter 4 stresses the need for a more complete, spectral, approach in data assimilation. Chapter 5 summarizes the situation with a discussion on the present status in wave modelling and a look at what we can expect in the future.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Environmental Sciences Division: Summaries of research in FY 1996

This document describes the Fiscal Year 1996 activities and products of the Environmental Sciences Division, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Energy Research. The report is organized into four main sections. The introduction identifies the basic program structure, describes the programs of the Environmental Sciences Division, and provides the level of effort for each program area. The research areas and project descriptions section gives program contact information, and provides descriptions of individual research projects including: three-year funding history, research objective and approach used in each project, and results to date. Appendixes provide postal and e-mail addresses for principal investigators and define acronyms used in the text. The indexes provide indexes of principal investigators, research institutions, and keywords for easy reference. Research projects are related to climatic change and remedial action

Laboratory for Atmospheres 2007 Technical Highlights

The 2007 Technical Highlights describes the efforts of all members of the Laboratory for Atmospheres. Their dedication to advancing Earth Science through conducting research, developing and running models, designing instruments, managing projects, running field campaigns, and numerous other activities, is highlighted in this report

SCAR Report on Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment

The first comprehensive review of the state of Antarctica’s climate and its relationship to the global climate by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). The review - Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment – presents the latest research from the icy continent, identifies areas for future scientific research, and addresses the urgent questions that policy makers have about Antarctic melting, sea-level rise and biodiversity

Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995)

The files on this record represent the various databases that originally composed the CD-ROM issue of "Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding" database, which is now part of the Dudley Knox Library's Abstracts and Selected Full Text Documents on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995) Collection. (See Calhoun record https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/57364 for further information on this collection and the bibliography). Due to issues of technological obsolescence preventing current and future audiences from accessing the bibliography, DKL exported and converted into the three files on this record the various databases contained in the CD-ROM. The contents of these files are: 1) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_xls.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.xls: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format; RDFA_Glossary.xls: Glossary of terms, in Excel 97-2003 Workbookformat; RDFA_Biographies.xls: Biographies of leading figures, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format]; 2) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_csv.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.TXT: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in CSV format; RDFA_Glossary.TXT: Glossary of terms, in CSV format; RDFA_Biographies.TXT: Biographies of leading figures, in CSV format]; 3) RDFA_CompleteBibliography.pdf: A human readable display of the bibliographic data, as a means of double-checking any possible deviations due to conversion