Suplementación vitamínica y mineral como estrategia para reducir la incidencia de cetosis bovina en el trópico bajo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mineral and vitamin supplementation on the incidence of ketosis under tropical conditions. 21 Holstein cows were divided into 3 groups: control T1, T2 iodine supplementation, T3 mixed mineral and vitamin supplementation. The experiment started 30 days before partum and culminated in the day 105 postpartum. Bi-weekly intramuscular administration of treatments performed, blood samples and urine samples were taken. ?-hydroxybutirate (BHB), non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ketones were the metabolites analized. For statistical analysis, was done a repeated measures design, a descriptive analysis and comparison of means. No statistical differences were found between groups, but it did among periods, showing the highest values around calving. BHB, NEFA and ketones showed a higher concentration in the control group, while the lowest values were found in T3. Between BHB and ketones was found a high correlation (r= 0,72). Supplementation with vitamins and minerals allowed for better adaptation to transition period with a lower mobilization of body reserves. The correlation between ketones and BHB allows propose the detection of ketones in the urine as a effective test for the diagnosis of subclinical ketosis.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la suplementación mineral y vitamínica sobre la incidencia de cetosis en trópico bajo. 21 vacas Holstein fueron divididas en 3 grupos: T1 control, T2 suplementación yodada, T3 suplementación mineral-vitamínica mixta. El experimento inició 30 días antes del parto y culminó al día 105 posparto. Quincenalmente se realizó aplicación intramuscular de los tratamientos y se colecto sangre y orina. Los metabolitos analizados fueron beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), ácidos grasos no esterificados (NEFA) y cetonas. Para el análisis estadístico se realizó diseño de medidas repetidas en el tiempo, análisis descriptivo y comparaciones entre medias. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre grupos, pero si entre periodos, evidenciando valores altos alrededor del parto. BHB, NEFA y cetonas presentaron concentración mayor en T1, mientras en T3 se hallaron los menores valores. Entre BHB y cetonas se presentó una alta correlación (r= 0,72). La suplementación con vitaminas y minerales permitió una mejor adaptación al periodo de transición con menor movilización de reservas corporales. La correlación entre cetonas y BHB permite la detección de cetonas en orina como una prueba eficaz en diagnóstico de cetosis subclínica

Metabolic and reproductive response to energy supplementation in dairy cows in tropical highlands

Dairy farms of the department of Nariño present nutritional concerns, especially in the transition period and early lactation, because of the energy imbalance of the diets, which causes deficiencies in the productive and reproductive activity of the cows. According to the above, the main idea was to study the metabolic behavior in the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows supplemented energetically with bypass fat in the tropical highlands of Nariño (Colombia), 21 cows (Holstein x Simmental cross) of second and third lactation period were selected. They were distributed in three treatments with seven animals each; the control treatment (T1) received a base diet (forage + concentrate) without fat supplementation; the second treatment (T2) had a base diet plus 250 g/day of bypass fat and the third (T3) had a base diet plus 250 g/day bypass fat enriched with omega 3. The experimental period ranged between days 15 of prepartum to day 105 of lactation, with an interval of 15 days among sampling. To evaluate the matabolyc performance, we evaluated in serum: non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), betahydroxybutyrate (BHB), cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, total proteins, albumin, BUN, and globulins. In addition, body condition and reproductive behavior were determined. The results indicated that there was no efect of treatments on metabolic performance, body condition, and reproductive activity. The energy indicators showed no changes, indicating an adequate supply energy supply in the diet; however, in the metabolites associated to nitrogen, differences in protein were observed. The values found in the variables, constitute a reference of the behavior and the nutritional conditions of the dairy farms in the region

Respuesta de la grasa sobrepasante sobre lípidos lácteos y eficiencia reproductiva en vacas lecheras en trópico alto

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de grasa sobrepasante sobre la concentración de lípidos lácteos y la eficiencia reproductiva en vacas lecheras del trópico alto de Nariño. Para ello se seleccionaron 21 animales del cruce HolsteinxSimmental, de segundo y tercer parto. Estos se distribuyeron en tres tratamientos de siete animales cada uno; Control (T1) recibió una dieta base (forraje + concentrado) sin suplemento graso; tratamiento dos (T2) dieta base más 250 g/día de grasa sobrepasante y el tratamiento tres (T3) dieta base más 250 g/día de grasa sobrepasante enriquecida con omega tres. El periodo experimental abarcó desde el día 15 preparto al día 105 de lactancia. Se determinaron concentraciones séricas de ácidos grasos no esterificados, betahidroxibutirato, colesterol, triglicéridos, glucosa proteínas totales, albumina, globulinas y urea. Además, se determinó la composición, producción de leche, condición corporal y el comportamiento reproductivo. Los resultados indicaron una adecuada movilización de tejido adiposo, observándose una mínima variación de éste durante el periodo experimental; los metabolitos sanguíneos evaluados manifiestan un comportamiento normal, no se evidenciaron alteraciones fisiológicas, ni cetosis. En cuanto a la producción y calidad composicional de la leche; no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos; sin embargo T2 presenta una mayor producción de leche total por lactancia estimada, mientras que en T3 se puede evidenciar un perfil lipídico diferente; con un mayor porcentaje del ácido graso C18:2, el cual representa un valor agregado para el producto final. Por su parte, los indicadores reproductivos no se vieron influenciados por los tratamientos.//Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of fat bypass on milk lipid concentration and reproductive efficiency in dairy cows from the high tropic of Nariño. For doing this, 21 animals of the HolsteinxSimmental cross of second and third birth were selected. These were distributed in three treatments of seven animals each; the control treatment (T1) received a base diet (forage + concentrate) without fat supplementation; Treatment number two (T2) base diet plus 250 g / day of bypass fat and treatment number three (T3) base diet plus 250 g / day bypass fat enriched with omega three. The experimental period ranged from day 15 to day 105 of lactation. Serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, betahydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein glucose, albumin, globulins and urea were determined. In addition, the composition, milk production, body condition and reproductive behavior were determined. The results indicated an adequate mobilization of adipose tissue, observing a minimal variation of this one during the experimental period; The blood metabolites evaluated showed normal behavior, no physiological changes, or ketosis. Regarding the production and compositional quality of milk; No significant differences were found between treatments; However T2 has a higher total milk production per estimated lactation, whereas in T3 a different lipid profile can be evidenced; with a higher percentage of the C18:2 fatty acid, which represents an added value for the final product. On the other hand, the reproductive indicators were not influenced by the treatments.Maestrí