Robotics in Dentistry : A Narrative Review

Background: Robotics is progressing rapidly. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the basic and applied research status of robotics in dentistry and discusses its development and application prospects in several major professional fields of dentistry. Methods: A literature search was conducted on databases: MEDLINE, IEEE and Cochrane Library, using MeSH terms: [“robotics” and “dentistry”]. Result: Forty-nine articles were eventually selected according to certain inclusion criteria. There were 12 studies on prosthodontics, reaching 24%; 11 studies were on dental implantology, accounting for 23%. Scholars from China published the most articles, followed by Japan and the United States. The number of articles published between 2011 and 2015 was the largest. Conclusions: With the advancement of science and technology, the applications of robots in dental medicine has promoted the development of intelligent, precise, and minimally invasive dental treatments. Currently, robots are used in basic and applied research in various specialized fields of dentistry. Automatic tooth-crown-preparation robots, tooth-arrangement robots, drilling robots, and orthodontic archwire-bending robots that meet clinical requirements have been developed. We believe that in the near future, robots will change the existing dental treatment model and guide new directions for further development

Learning about tooth removal with robot technology

Deze PhD-thesis richt zich op een fundamenteel onderzoek van de extractieleer en maakt daarbij gebruik van robottechnologie. Het onderzoek omvat zes inhoudelijke hoofdstukken, waarin verschillende aspecten van dit onderwerp worden behandeld. Het tweede hoofdstuk analyseert de literatuur over robottechnologie in de tandheelkunde en wijst op de matige kwaliteit van beschikbare literatuur, zeker als het op klinische toepassingen aankomt. Hoofdstuk 3 biedt een overzicht van robotsystemen in alle deelgebieden van de tandheelkunde sinds 1985. Hoofdstuk 4 introduceert een meetopstelling om krachten en bewegingen bij tandextracties nauwkeurig vast te leggen, terwijl hoofdstuk 5 de resultaten van een serie experimenten voor wat betreft krachten en momenten weergeeft. Hoofdstuk 6 beschrijft het bewegingsbereik en de snelheden tijdens tandheelkundige extracties, zoals gemeten met een robotarm. Hoofdstuk 7 beschrijft de ontwikkeling en eigenschappen van een classificatiemodel voor extracties op basis van kracht- en bewegingsgegevens. De conclusie benadrukt de toenemende interesse in robotinitiatieven in de tandheelkunde, de behoefte aan wetenschappelijke validatie van de toegevoegde waarde daarvan en het potentieel van robottechnologie om ons fundamentele begrip van de extractieleer te vergroten. De studies benadrukken het belang van gegevensverzameling, analyse en samenwerking tussen verschillende disciplines om ons fundamentele begrip van extracties te verbeteren, met een focus op tandheelkundig onderwijs en uiteindelijk de patiëntenzorg

Odontology & artificial intelligence

Neste trabalho avaliam-se os três fatores que fizeram da inteligência artificial uma tecnologia essencial hoje em dia, nomeadamente para a odontologia: o desempenho do computador, Big Data e avanços algorítmicos. Esta revisão da literatura avaliou todos os artigos publicados na PubMed até Abril de 2019 sobre inteligência artificial e odontologia. Ajudado com inteligência artificial, este artigo analisou 1511 artigos. Uma árvore de decisão (If/Then) foi executada para selecionar os artigos mais relevantes (217), e um algoritmo de cluster k-means para resumir e identificar oportunidades de inovação. O autor discute os artigos mais interessantes revistos e compara o que foi feito em inovação durante o International Dentistry Show, 2019 em Colónia. Concluiu, assim, de forma crítica que há uma lacuna entre tecnologia e aplicação clínica desta, sendo que a inteligência artificial fornecida pela indústria de hoje pode ser considerada um atraso para o clínico de amanhã, indicando-se um possível rumo para a aplicação clínica da inteligência artificial.There are three factors that have made artificial intelligence (AI) an essential technology today: the computer performance, Big Data and algorithmic advances. This study reviews the literature on AI and Odontology based on articles retrieved from PubMed. With the help of AI, this article analyses a large number of articles (a total of 1511). A decision tree (If/Then) was run to select the 217 most relevant articles-. Ak-means cluster algorithm was then used to summarize and identify innovation opportunities. The author discusses the most interesting articles on AI research and compares them to the innovation presented during the International Dentistry Show 2019 in Cologne. Three technologies available now are evaluated and three suggested options are been developed. The author concludes that AI provided by the industry today is a hold-up for the praticioner of tomorrow. The author gives his opinion on how to use AI for the profit of patients

Analysis of digitization methods for edentulous jaws

This study evaluated the trueness and precision of direct digitization and indirect digitization of an edentulous maxilla. An edentulous jaw model made of PEEK, featuring four hemispherical geometries on the alveolar ridge, served as the testing model. The PEEK model was industrially digitized to obtain a reference dataset (REF). Subsequently, the model was digitized according to the clinical workflow (n=25/group) with the following IOS: Cerec Primescan AC (PRI); Trios 3 Wireless (TRS); True Definition (TRD); iTero Element (ITE); Cerec AC Omnicam (OMN). In addition, conventional impressions were taken with scannable PVS (Flexitime Fast&Scan light flow and Flexitime Monophase Pro Scan) and scanned (n=25/group) with laboratory scanners: D810 (D8I) and In EOS X5 (E5I). The impressions were poured, and the resulting stone casts were scanned (n=25/group) with D810 (D8M) and In EOS X5 (E5M). Linear and angular parameters were measured in the virtual model data and compared to REF. One-way ANOVA detected significant differences for all tested parameters. The highest trueness in the P17-P13 and the P17-P23 distances was revealed by group E5I, and in the P17-P27 distance by group PRI. Regarding angular parameters in the transverse plane group, D8M showed the best trueness with no significant difference to any other group, while in the sagittal plane E5M exhibited the highest trueness. Group D8I was most precise in all linear parameters and angle XZ, while group E5I exhibited the highest precision in angle YZ. Digitization of conventional impressions presented the most accurate results. PRI demonstrated values similar to impression digitization and superior to stone cast digitization, while TRS and OMN performed similarly to stone cast digitization.Diese Studie bewertete die Richtigkeit und Präzision direkter und indirekter Digitalisierung eines zahnlosen Oberkiefers. Als Testmodell diente ein zahnloses Oberkiefermodell aus PEEK mit vier halbkugelförmigen Geometrien am Kieferkamm. Das PEEK-Modell wurde industriell digitalisiert, um einen Referenzdatensatz (REF) zu erhalten. Anschließend wurde das Modell mit folgendem IOS digitalisiert (n=25/Gruppe): Cerec Primescan AC (PRI); Trios 3 Wireless (TRS); True Definition (TRD); iTero-Element (ITE); Cerec AC Omnicam (OMN). Darüber hinaus wurden konventionelle Abformungen mit scanbarem PVS (Flexitime Fast&Scan light flow und Flexitime Monophase Pro Scan) aufgenommen und mit Laborscannern: D810 (D8I) und In EOS X5 (E5I) gescannt (n=25/Gruppe). Die Abformungen wurden gegossen und die resultierenden Gipsmodelle wurden gescannt (n=25/Gruppe) mit: D810 (D8M) und In EOS X5 (E5M). Lineare und Winkelparameter wurden gemessen und mit REF verglichen. Die Einfaktorielle-ANOVA stellte signifikante Unterschiede für alle getesteten Parameter fest. Die höchste Richtigkeit in den Distanzen P17-P13 und P17-P23 wurde von Gruppe E5I und in der Distanz P17-P27 von Gruppe PRI gezeigt. Hinsichtlich der Winkelparameter in der transversalen Ebene zeigte Gruppe D8M die beste Richtigkeit ohne signifikanten Unterschied zu anderen Gruppen, während E5M in der Sagittalebene die höchste Richtigkeit aufwies. Gruppe D8I war in allen linearen Parametern und im Winkel XZ am präzisesten, während Gruppe E5I die höchste Präzision im Winkel YZ aufwies. Die Digitalisierung konventioneller Abformungen lieferte die genauesten Ergebnisse. PRI zeigte ähnliche Werte zur Digitalisierung von Abformungen und war der Digitalisierung von Gipsmodellen überlegen, während TRS und OMN ähnliche Leistungen wie die Digitalisierung von Gipsmodellen zeigten

Image-guided surgery and medical robotics in the cranial area

Surgery in the cranial area includes complex anatomic situations with high-risk structures and high demands for functional and aesthetic results. Conventional surgery requires that the surgeon transfers complex anatomic and surgical planning information, using spatial sense and experience. The surgical procedure depends entirely on the manual skills of the operator. The development of image-guided surgery provides new revolutionary opportunities by integrating presurgical 3D imaging and intraoperative manipulation. Augmented reality, mechatronic surgical tools, and medical robotics may continue to progress in surgical instrumentation, and ultimately, surgical care. The aim of this article is to review and discuss state-of-the-art surgical navigation and medical robotics, image-to-patient registration, aspects of accuracy, and clinical applications for surgery in the cranial area

Confeção de prótese total em CAD/CAM

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas MonizA prótese total, devido à elevada prevalência de edentulismo, continuará a demonstrar-se uma componente importante na medicina dentária. A confeção de próteses totais com recurso a métodos de CAD/CAM é atualmente uma realidade no campo da reabilitação oral. Existem diversos sistemas digitais disponíveis para auxiliar o médico dentista e o técnico de prótese no fabrico de próteses totais com recurso a técnicas de CAD/CAM, podendo a sua produção ser reduzida a um protocolo de apenas duas consultas. A integração desta tecnologia no design e confeção de próteses totais permite melhorar a qualidade dos elementos protéticos e facilitar a comunicação com o técnico de prótese. Deste modo, os procedimentos laboratoriais demorados são reduzidos ou eliminados, permitindo que o técnico dentário assegure próteses reprodutíveis, previsíveis, eficientes e precisas. Apesar da revisão bibliográfica realizada indicar as técnicas de CAD/CAM como procedimentos realizados, em geral, com duas a três consultas e dispêndio de uma a duas horas para a consulta de realização de impressões e registo maxilar, no caso clínico que estamos a desenvolver já nos foi possível verificar que a curva de aprendizagem até obter destreza com estes sistemas é muito elevada. Nesta revisão é realizada uma introdução à tecnologia de CAD/CAM, incluindo os instrumentos, materiais e protocolo geral necessário à confeção de próteses totais com recurso a esta tecnologia. São ainda descritos passo a passo, com os respetivos protocolos clínicos e laboratoriais, os quatro grandes sistemas disponíveis para a sua elaboração: Wieland Digital Denture, AvadentTM Digital Denture, DentcaTM e Ceramill® Full Denture System

Book of Abstracts 15th International Symposium on Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering and 3rd Conference on Imaging and Visualization

In this edition, the two events will run together as a single conference, highlighting the strong connection with the Taylor & Francis journals: Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (John Middleton and Christopher Jacobs, Eds.) and Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging and Visualization (JoãoManuel R.S. Tavares, Ed.). The conference has become a major international meeting on computational biomechanics, imaging andvisualization. In this edition, the main program includes 212 presentations. In addition, sixteen renowned researchers will give plenary keynotes, addressing current challenges in computational biomechanics and biomedical imaging. In Lisbon, for the first time, a session dedicated to award the winner of the Best Paper in CMBBE Journal will take place. We believe that CMBBE2018 will have a strong impact on the development of computational biomechanics and biomedical imaging and visualization, identifying emerging areas of research and promoting the collaboration and networking between participants. This impact is evidenced through the well-known research groups, commercial companies and scientific organizations, who continue to support and sponsor the CMBBE meeting series. In fact, the conference is enriched with five workshops on specific scientific topics and commercial software.info:eu-repo/semantics/draf

Friction Force Microscopy of Deep Drawing Made Surfaces

Aim of this paper is to contribute to micro-tribology understanding and friction in micro-scale interpretation in case of metal beverage production, particularly the deep drawing process of cans. In order to bridging the gap between engineering and trial-and-error principles, an experimental AFM-based micro-tribological approach is adopted. For that purpose, the can’s surfaces are imaged with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the frictional force signal is measured with frictional force microscopy (FFM). In both techniques, the sample surface is scanned with a stylus attached to a cantilever. Vertical motion of the cantilever is recorded in AFM and horizontal motion is recorded in FFM. The presented work evaluates friction over a micro-scale on various samples gathered from cylindrical, bottom and round parts of cans, made of same the material but with different deep drawing process parameters. The main idea is to link the experimental observation with the manufacturing process. Results presented here can advance the knowledge in order to comprehend the tribological phenomena at the contact scales, too small for conventional tribology

Towards a Conceptual Design of an Intelligent Material Transport Based on Machine Learning and Axiomatic Design Theory

Reliable and efficient material transport is one of the basic requirements that affect productivity in sheet metal industry. This paper presents a methodology for conceptual design of intelligent material transport using mobile robot, based on axiomatic design theory, graph theory and artificial intelligence. Developed control algorithm was implemented and tested on the mobile robot system Khepera II within the laboratory model of manufacturing environment. Matlab© software package was used for manufacturing process simulation, implementation of search algorithms and neural network training. Experimental results clearly show that intelligent mobile robot can learn and predict optimal material transport flows thanks to the use of artificial neural networks. Achieved positioning error of mobile robot indicates that conceptual design approach can be used for material transport and handling tasks in intelligent manufacturing systems

Towards a Conceptual Design of an Intelligent Material Transport Based on Machine Learning and Axiomatic Design Theory

Reliable and efficient material transport is one of the basic requirements that affect productivity in sheet metal industry. This paper presents a methodology for conceptual design of intelligent material transport using mobile robot, based on axiomatic design theory, graph theory and artificial intelligence. Developed control algorithm was implemented and tested on the mobile robot system Khepera II within the laboratory model of manufacturing environment. Matlab© software package was used for manufacturing process simulation, implementation of search algorithms and neural network training. Experimental results clearly show that intelligent mobile robot can learn and predict optimal material transport flows thanks to the use of artificial neural networks. Achieved positioning error of mobile robot indicates that conceptual design approach can be used for material transport and handling tasks in intelligent manufacturing systems